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significance of exothermicity
The ________ as a driving force depends on the temperature at which the process occurs.
constant temperature
A process occurring at ________ and pressure is spontaneous in the direction in which its free energy decreases.
▵ G °
________ is the free energy change for the reaction with all reactants and products at a pressure of 1 atm.
▵G°
The number of moles of each reactant (nr) and product (np) must be used when calculating ________ for a reaction.
Q
________* is the reaction quotient (from the law of mass action)
Thermodynamics
________ considers only the initial and final states and does not require knowledge of the pathway between reactants and products.
Entropy
________ can be viewed as a measure of molecular randomness or disorder.
chemical reaction
For a(n) ________, ▵* S* sys is dominated by changes in the number of gaseous molecules.
Exothermicity
________ is most important as a driving force at low temperatures.
Solids
________ are more ordered than liquids or gases and thus have lower entropy.
