Chapter 9 - The Worlds of Islam

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1

Mecca

________ was the site of the Kaaba, Arabia's most renowned religious sanctuary, which featured depictions of approximately 360 deities and was a popular pilgrimage destination despite being off the main long- distance commerce routes.

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2

Allah

Submission to ________ (the word "Muslim "literally means "one who submits) "was the main requirement of Muslims and the only way to live a God- conscious life in this world and to enter Paradise after death.

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3

Abbasid caliph al-Mamun

a poet and scholar with a passion for foreign learning, founded the House of Wisdom in Baghdad in 830 as a study and translation center.

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4

China

Confucianism and Daoism from ________, Hinduism and Buddhism from India, Greek philosophy from the Mediterranean area, and Zoroastrianism from Persia Most of the main religious or cultural traditions of the second- wave era came from the core of existing civilizations.

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5

Arab

The Quran's message attacked not just ________ religion's ancient polytheism and Mecca's social inequalities, but also ________ society's entire tribe and clan structure, which was prone to conflict, bickering, and violence.

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6

Arab troops

________ attacked the Byzantine and Persian Sassanid empires, the region's main powers, within a few years after Muhammad's death in 632.

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7

Byzantine Empire

The ________, heir to the Roman world, and the Sassanid Empire, heir to the imperial traditions of Persia, were on the fringe of two established and opposing civilizations at the time.

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8

Abbasid Empire

Baghdad, which became the capital of the ________ in 756, quickly expanded into a magnificent city with a population of half a million people.

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9

Muhammad

________ lost his parents as a child, was raised by an uncle, and worked as a shepherd to support himself.

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10

Muhammad Ibn Abdullah

________, who was born into a Quraysh household in Mecca, was the trigger for those events and the foundation of this new faith.

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11

Arabian Peninsula

Bedouins, nomadic Arabs who herded their sheep and camels in seasonal migrations, had long inhabited the middle part of the ________.

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12

globe of Islamic civilization

The ________ was not only a network of faith, but also a vast marketplace where goods, technologies, food products, and ideas were freely exchanged.

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13

Bedouins

nomadic Arabs who herded their sheep and camels in seasonal migrations, had long inhabited the middle part of the Arabian Peninsula

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14

Stuggle/jihad

the sixth pillar

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15

Greater jihad

inward personal effort by each believer against greed and selfishness, a spiritual strive toward living a God-conscious life

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16

Umma

form of "super tribe," yet it was very different from Arab society's conventional tribes. Membership was based on faith rather than birth, which allowed society to grow quickly

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17

Baghdad

capital of the Abbasid Empire in 756, quickly expanded into a magnificent city with a population of half a million people

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