Chapter 17 - Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

gasses

Since ________ are invariably more entropic than liquids and solids.

ATP

________ is hydrolysed for ADP and phosphoric acid under appropriate circumstances, with 31 kJ /mol free energy releases, which can be used to power unfavorable reactions such as protein synthesis.

thermodynamics law

The 2nd ________ explains why chemical processes tend to be one- way.

Enzymes

________ make a wide range of non- spontaneous reactions easier in biological systems.

Entropy

________ (S) is a measure of how to spread out or dispersed a system's energy is among the numerous alternative ways that a system can contain energy.

Free energy

(C6h12O6) are converted into dioxide and water with a significant free energy release: C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) ⟶ 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) ΔG°= −2880 kJ /mol* ________ is stored until cells are needed by ATP.

Distribution III

________ is most likely because it is achieved by 6 microstate or 6 different modes.

ΔG < 0

The reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction.

ΔG > 0

The reaction is nonspontaneous. The reaction is spontaneous in the opposite direction.

ΔG = 0

The system is at equilibrium. There is no net change