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Examples of imprint fossils made by compression are
drawings on rock made by prehistoric humans
Fossilized insects have been found preserved in amber which is hardened
tree sap
Fossilized stomach contents may indicate
a & b (The diet of the animal, and the vegetation type in its habitat)
In petrified wood, the original wood has been slowly replaced by
minerals
Scientists who study fossils are
palaeontologists
The body of an animal is more likely to become fossilized if it:
is buried deeply in the ground
The unaltered remains of fossilized animals include
mummified and frozen mammoths
Which of the following could be a fossil?
all of the above (a woman who lived 15,000 years ago found frozen in a glacier, a penguin that lived 100,000 years ago found mummified in a dry valley in Antarctica, and a wasp inside a 30 million year old block of amber)
Most of the mammal fossil record consists of
teeth
If a wood fragment that is buried in sediment has minerals deposited in its empty spaces, the process of fossilization is called
permineralization
The presence of marine fossils on the top of Mt. Everest indicates
sea level was once higher than the top of Mt. Everest.
How many major rock types are in the rock cycle?
3
Each type of rock has a particular
set of minerals
The texture of a rock is describes what feature of the mineral grains?
all of the above (size, shape, and arrangement)
Two rocks have the same minerals, but of very different sizes. Which statement is true?
One rock has more eroded fragments than the other.
Scientists learn about our planet’s interior from
tracking seismic waves
Because S-waves disappear when they reach the outer core, scientists know that it is
metal.
The lithosphere
can flow.
Which mechanism moves heat from the warmer to cooler places until all are the same temperature?
conduction
During the time of Pangaea,
all of these. (organisms lived side-by-side that are now fossils on distant continents, there was no Atlantic Ocean, and there were one magnetic north pole.)
Across the seafloor, scientists find
magnetic stripes with normal and reversed polarity.
Volcanoes are found at __________ plate boundaries; earthquakes happen at __________ plate boundaries.
divergent and convergent; all three types of
__________ crust subducts under __________ crust because it is __________.
Continental; oceanic; buoyant
What type of plate boundary is found at the San Andreas Fault?
transform
Which forces squeeze rocks together, causing them to fold or fracture?
shear
When rocks deform plastically under compression stresses they
create folds
At which type of plate boundary, do the world’s largest mountains grow?
convergent
The sudden release of energy stored in rocks creates
earthquakes
The main reason there are so many earthquakes around the Pacific ocean basins is
the large number of convergent plate boundaries
How do rock particles move during the passage of a S wave through the rock?
up and down perpendicular to the direction of wave travel
As stresses build in a region, the rocks
deform plastically and then break
Mountain ranges rise where there are
compressive stresses
A useful earthquake prediction will include the quake's
b & c (Timing and Magnitude)
One reason fewer people die in developed nations than developing ones in the same magnitude earthquake is
there is better earthquake prediction in developed nations
The Hawaiian islands are found at a(n)
hot spot
The most geologically active region in the world is the
Ring of Fire
When magma moves beneath a volcano it may cause
all of these (earthquakes, slope deformation, and an eruption)
Which set of words go together?
felsic, high viscosity, silica-rich
Which set of words go together?
felsic, composite volcano, lava dome, cinder cones
A volcano that could erupt, but hasn't recently is
dormant
What is the most common type of volcano?
cinder cone
What is created when water is heated beneath the Earth’s surface and erupts to the surface through a narrow passageway?
geyser
In the stratosphere, temperature __________ with altitude because __________.
increases; heat comes from the sun
The ozone layer protects life on Earth from
the Sun's high energy ultraviolet radiation
An inversion
has warm air above cold air
In the thermosphere, the air feels very __________ because ____________.
cold; there are so few gas molecules
Stream water
erodes and deposits
A stream overflows its banks onto its
flood plain
Flooding can wipe out farms and even towns when
the farms and towns are placed on a floodplain.
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Flashcard (94)