More brain table

What are the cortical structures?

Cerebellum, arbor vitae of cerebellum

fxn of cerebellum

integration of proprioceptive sensory info and descending motor info to smooth and coordinate voluntary movememnt. also key to many cognitive fxns

fxn of arbor vitae of cerebellum

ascending and descending myelinated axons in cerebellum. descending axons are largely from Purkinje neurons

What are the subcortical areas (nuclei and white matter)

thalamus of diencephalon, hypothalamus of diencephalon, mammillary bodies of hypothalamus, fornix, pineal gland, choroid plexus

fxn of the thalamus of dinecephalon

"gateway/receptionist" of nearly all ascending sensory info going to primary sensory areas in cortex. modifies and edits ascending sensory, visceral, and emotional info going to cortex

fxn of the hypothalamus of diencephalon

control centers for many negative feedback loops involved in ANS homeostasis and endocrine fxns. these include body temp, food intake, water balance, and sleep/wake cycles. control of many endocrine fxn via pituitary gland and center of limbic system

fxn of mammillary bodies of hypothalamus

relay olfactory info and integrate it with limbic system

fxn of the fornix

white matter linking some lower limbic nuclei to cerebral hemispheres. ascending limbic and olfactory tracts and descending tracts from hippocampus to thalamus. critical to memory formation.

fxn of the pineal gland (part of epithalamus of diencephalon)

secretes hormone melatonin critical to sleep wake cycle regulated by hypothalamus

fxn of the chronoid plexus (part of epithalamus of diencephalon)

non-neural. blood vessels and ependymal glial cells that manufacture and move CSF

What are the structures of the brain stem?

cerebral peduncles of midbrain, superior colliculi of midbrain, inferior colliculi of midbrain, pons of brain stem, and medulla oblongata of brain stem

fxn of the cerebral peduncles of midbrain

white matter "stalks" of ascending and descending tracts going to and from the cerebral cortex

fxn of the superior colliculi of midbrain

visual reflex nuclei that coordinate "instinctual" eye movements used in tracking objects

fxn of the inferior colliculi of midbrain

auditory reflex nuclei used to orient head instincually to sound

fxn of the pons of brain stem

3 cranial nerves nuclei (V, VI, and VII), RAS nuclei, and respiratory regulatory nuclei. Many white matter tracts linking cerebellum, cerebrum, and lower brain areas to one another

fxn of the medulla oblongata of brain stem

Negative feedback regulatory nuclei for cardiovascular and respiratory functions and cranial nerve nuclei for nerves VIII-XII. Many white matter tracts linking spinal cord and higher brain areas

What are the areas of the cortical areas (nuclei and white matter)

corona radiata (forms the internal capsule and cerebral peduncles), basal nuclei (caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus), and corpus callosum

fxn of the corona radiata

myelinated axons connecting ascending and descending axons between cerebrum's grey matter and lower CNS areas

What does the corona radiata form?

the internal capsule and cerebral peduncles

fxn of the basal nuclei (caudate, putament, and globus pallidus)

modify and plan motor movements, especially in starting and stopping movement and eliminating innapropriate movements. Important in many aspects of cognition and emotion

fxn of corpus callosum

myelinated axons linking left and right cerebral hemispheres

What are the systems of non-anatomically localized CNS systems?

the limbic system and reticular activating system (RAS)

fxn of the limbic system

"emotional brain" critical for transference of short term to long term memories and learning

fxn of the reticular activating system (RAS)

widespread connections of these nuclei throughout CNS maintain consciousness and alerts CNS to significant sensation while filtering out repetitive/weak stimuli.