Chapter 4 - Structure and Properties of Substances

Ionic bonding

________ occurs with atoms of elements of large differences in electronegativity.

Water pack

________ in a specific way where the solid- state is less dense than the liquid state.

Dispersion

________ (London) force: the force of attraction between nonpolar molecules larger number of electrons cause an uneven distribution of charge large shape of the molecule are stronger and results in increased boiling point**

Lewis

________ structures: atomic symbol in the middle with its outer valence electrons around.

molecular forms

Allotropes:** different crystalline or ________ of the same element that differ in physical and chemical properties.

Positive ion

________ attracts with the negative end of the water.

soft solids

Can be ________, liquids, or gas at room temperature.

Dipole dipole

________ forces**: attractions between opposite charges.

polyatomic ion

Intramolecular forces**: forces exerted within a molecule or ________.

polar molecule

Ion- dipole forces**: the force of attraction between ion and ________.

lone pairs

Resonance structure**: models that give the same relative position of atoms but show different places for their bonding and ________.

Dipole

________:** charge separation for the entire molecule.

electron model

Free- ________**: pictures metals as being composed of densely packed core of metallic cations with free roaming electrons.

Chemical bonds

________: electrostatic forces that hold atoms together in compounds lower- energy systems tend to have* greater stability than higher- energy systems* Bonded atoms are more stable**

Covalent bonding

________: electron- sharing to acquire noble gas configuration.

physical properties of substances

Intermolecular forces**: forces that influence ________; forces of attraction and repulsion that act between molecules.

pool of valence

Metabolic bonding**: force of attraction between positively charged cations and the ________ electrons that moves among them.

nonpolar molecule

Ion- induced dipole forces**: ion in close proximity to a(n) ________ that distorts electron density of non- polar molecule making it polarized.

Coordinate covalent bond

________**: when a filled atomic orbital overlaps with an empty atomic orbital.

Crystalline solids

________**: organized particle arrangements of solids.