Chapter 8 - Periodic Relationships Among the Elements

Henry Moseley

________, an English physicist, found a link between atomic number and the frequency of X rays produced by bombarding an element with high- energy electrons.

kJ mol

The minimum energy (in ________) necessary to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is known as ionization energy (IE)

gaseous state

The negative of the energy shift that occurs when an electron is received by an atom in the ________ to create an anion is called electron affinity (EA)

Valence electrons

outermost electrons, play a big role in the chemical reactivity of the elements

Core electrons

all nonvalence electrons in an atom

Effective nuclear charge (Zeff)

nuclear charge felt by an electron

Amphoteric

have both acidic and basic characteristics