336 Chapter 3

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20 Terms

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social redefinition
the process through which an individual's position or status is redefined by society
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age of majority
the designated age at which an individual is recognized as an adult
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statutory rape
sex between two individuals, even when it is consensual, when at least one of the persons is below the legal age of consent; in the United States, the specific age of consent varies from state to state
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interventionists
theorists who argue that the period of adolescence is mainly a social invention
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child protectionists
individuals who argued, early in the 20th century, that adolescents needed to be kept out of the labor force in order to protect them from the hazards of the workplace.
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teenager
a term popularized about 50 years ago to refer to young people; it connoted a more frivolous and lighthearted image than did "adolescent."
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youth
today, a term used to refer to individuals ages 18 to 22; it once referred to individuals ages 12 to 24
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initiation ceremony
the formal induction of a young person into adulthood
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status offense
a violation of the law that pertains to minors but not adults
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juvenile justice system
a separate system of courts and related institutions developed to handle juvenile crime and delinquency
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criminal justice system
the system of courts and related institutions developed to handle adult crime
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cohort
a group of individuals born during the same general historical era
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quinceanera
an elaborate sort of "coming-out" celebration for adolescent girls that is practiced in many Latin communities.
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bar (bas) mitzvah
in Judaism, the religious ceremony marking the young person's transition to adulthood.
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scarification
the intentional creation of scars on some part or parts of the body, often done as part of an initiation ceremony
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baby boom
the period following World War II, during which the number of infants born was extremely large
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continuous transitions
passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into gradually
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discontinuous transitions
passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered abruptly
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subjective social status
where one believes he or she ranks socioeconomically (regardless of his or her actual socioeconomic class)
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collective efficacy
a community's social capital, derived from its members' common values and goals