Chapter 28 - The Affluent Society

President Eisenhower

________ completed the integration of the armed forces, attempted to desegregate the federal workforce, and in 1957 signed a civil rights act (passed, without active support from the White House, by a Democratic Congress) providing federal protection for African Americans who wished to register to vote.

Viruses

________ are much more difficult to prevent and treat than bacterial infections, and progress toward vaccines against viral infections- except for smallpox- was relatively slow.

Gemini

Mercury and ________ were followed by the Apollo program, whose purpose was to land men on the moon.

1952

In ________, the United States successfully detonated the first hydrogen bomb.

Eisenhower administration

The ________ did little in its first years in office to discourage the anticommunist furor that had gripped the nation.

Rosa Parks

On December 1, 1955, ________, an African American woman, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, when she (Brown) refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white passenger.

Suburbanization

________ was partly a result of important innovations in home- building, which made single- family houses affordable to millions of people.

Topeka suit

The ________ involved the case of an African American girl who had to travel several miles to a segregated public school every day even though she (Plessy v. Ferguson) lived virtually next door to a white elementary school.

Italy

It was first used on a large scale in ________ in 1943- 1944 during a typhus outbreak, which it quickly helped end.

baby boom

The ________ contributed to increased consumer demand and expanding economic growth.

Khrushchev

________ lashed out angrily at the American incursion into Soviet air space, breaking up the Paris summit almost before it could begin and withdrawing his invitation to Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union.

1954

In ________, the American scientist Jonas Salk introduced an effective vaccine against the virus that had killed and crippled thousands of children and adults (among them Franklin Roosevelt)

important vehicle of information

By the late 1950s, television news had replaced newspapers, magazines, and radios as the nations most ________.

great triumph

The first ________ was the development of the smallpox vaccine by the English researcher Edward Jenner in the late eighteenth century.

Presleys music

________, like that of most early white rock musicians, drew heavily from black rhythm and blues traditions, which appealed to some white youths in the early 1950s because of their pulsing, sensual rhythms and their hard- edged lyrics.

success of Disneyland

The ________ depended largely on the ease of highway access from the dense urban areas around it, as well as the vast parking lots that surrounded the park.

Presley

________ became a symbol of a youthful determination to push at the borders of the conventional and acceptable.

American workers

The idea of a paid vacation for ________, and the association of that idea with travel, entered American culture beginning in the 1920s.

national birth rate

The ________ reversed a long pattern of decline with the so- called baby boom, which had begun during the war and peaked in 1957.

space shuttle

The ________ launched and repaired communications satellites, and inserted the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit in 1990.

English bacteriologist

A vaccine effective against typhoid was developed by a(n) ________, Almorth Wright, in 1897, and was in wide use by World War I.

1940s

The ________ and 1950s saw dramatic new developments in electronic technology.

Mexican workers

________ crossed the border in Texas and California and swelled the already substantial Latino communities of such cities as San Antonio, Houston, San Diego, and Los Angeles (which by 1960 had the largest Mexican American population of any city, approximately 500, 000 people)

World War II

Vaccination against tetanus became widespread in many countries just before and during ________.

steady decline of railroads

They made travel by automobile, truck, and bus as fast as or faster than travel by trains, resulting in the long, ________.

American foreign policy

________ in the 1950s rested on a reasonably consistent foundation: the containment policy, as revised by the Truman and Eisenhower administrations.