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Nucleic acids
________ are the only molecules in nature that can guide their own reproduction from monomers.
Griffith
________ inoculated mice with the following strains to test for pathogenicity:
polynucleotide strand
A(n) ________ is directed from the 5′ end (with the phosphate group) to the 3′ end (with the sugar's OH group)
RNA
A virus is nothing more than DNA (or, in some cases, ________) encased in a protective coat, which is frequently just protein.
covalent link
A(n) ________ connects the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar group of the next, producing a "backbone "of alternating phosphates and sugars from which the bases protrude.
Phages
________ have been frequently utilized as tools by molecular genetics researchers.
Frederick Griffith
________ conducted research on two strains of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia.
S
The ________ (smooth) strain can cause pneumonia in mice; it is harmful because the cells have an exterior capsule that protects them from the immune system of the animal.
Viruses
________ are far less complex than cells.
T2
A phage called ________ attaches to a host cell and injects its genetic material through the plasma membrane, while the head and tail parts remain on the outer bacterial surface (colorized TEM)
DNA
Because protein includes sulfur but not ________, radioactive sulfur atoms were exclusively absorbed into the phage's protein.
dangerous S
The live R bacteria had been converted into ________ bacteria by an unknown, heritable chemical derived from the dead S cells, which allowed the R cells to produce capsules.
Griffith
________ named the phenomena transformation, which is currently defined as a shift in genotype and phenotype caused by a cell's absorption of foreign DNA.
DNA
________ contains hereditary information that guides the development of your biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and, to a lesser degree, behavioral characteristics.
Griffith
________ possessed two strains (varieties) of the bacteria, one pathogenic (producing illness) and one nonpathogenic (harmless)
