________ are the only molecules in nature that can guide their own reproduction from monomers.
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Griffith
________ inoculated mice with the following strains to test for pathogenicity:
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polynucleotide strand
A(n) ________ is directed from the 5′ end (with the phosphate group) to the 3′ end (with the sugar's OH group)
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RNA
A virus is nothing more than DNA (or, in some cases, ________) encased in a protective coat, which is frequently just protein.
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covalent link
A(n) ________ connects the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar group of the next, producing a "backbone "of alternating phosphates and sugars from which the bases protrude.
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Phages
________ have been frequently utilized as tools by molecular genetics researchers.
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Frederick Griffith
________ conducted research on two strains of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia.
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S
The ________ (smooth) strain can cause pneumonia in mice; it is harmful because the cells have an exterior capsule that protects them from the immune system of the animal.
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Viruses
________ are far less complex than cells.
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T2
A phage called ________ attaches to a host cell and injects its genetic material through the plasma membrane, while the head and tail parts remain on the outer bacterial surface (colorized TEM)
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DNA
Because protein includes sulfur but not ________, radioactive sulfur atoms were exclusively absorbed into the phage's protein.
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dangerous S
The live R bacteria had been converted into ________ bacteria by an unknown, heritable chemical derived from the dead S cells, which allowed the R cells to produce capsules.
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Griffith
________ named the phenomena transformation, which is currently defined as a shift in genotype and phenotype caused by a cell's absorption of foreign DNA.
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DNA
________ contains hereditary information that guides the development of your biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and, to a lesser degree, behavioral characteristics.
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Griffith
________ possessed two strains (varieties) of the bacteria, one pathogenic (producing illness) and one nonpathogenic (harmless)
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