Chapter 9 - Jacksonian Era

Van Buren

________ did succeed in establishing a ten- hour workday on all federal projects, by presidential order, but he had only a few legislative achievements.

federal forts

He (Jackson) strengthened the ________ in South Carolina and ordered a warship and several revenue ships to Charleston.

Whigs

________ tended to be wealthier than Democrats, to have more aristocratic backgrounds, and to be more commercially ambitious.

Clay

________ ran for president that year as the unanimous choice of the National Republicans, who held a nominating convention in Baltimore late in 1831.

Van Burens plan

Under ________, known as the "independent treasury "or "subtreasury "system, the government would place its funds in an independent treasury at Washington and in sub treasuries in other cities.

Nicholas Biddle

________, who served as president of the Bank from 1823 on, had done much to put the institution on a sound and prosperous basis.

Andrew Jackson

________ retired from public life in 1837, beloved by most Americans.

Jackson

________ joined the Tennessee militia in 1801 and in the next year was elected major general.

nullification doctrine

The ________- and the idea of using it to nullify the 1828 tariff- quickly attracted broad support in South Carolina.

Martin Van Buren

________ was very different from his predecessor and far less fortunate.

Calhoun

________ was forty- six years old in 1828, with a distinguished past and an apparently promising future.

1767

Jackson, one of the most powerful presidents of the nineteenth century, was born in ________ to modest parents.

presidential election

In the ________ of 1824, less than 27 percent of adult white males had voted.

Northeast

The Whigs were strongest among the more substantial merchants and manufacturers of the ________; the wealthier planters of the South and the ambitious farmers and a rising commercial class of the West- usual migrants from the ________- who advocated internal improvements, expanding trade, and rapid economic progress.

Spoils system

________, "a system already well entrenched in a number of state governments, the Jackson administration helped make the right of elected officials to appoint their own followers to the public office an established feature of American politics.

western Georgia

In ________, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida lived what was known as the "Five Civilized Tribes- "the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw- most of whom had established settled agricultural societies with successful economies.

1830s

Democrats in the ________ envisioned a future of steadily expanding economic and political opportunities for white males.

Black Hawk War

The ________, as it became known, was notable chiefly for the viciousness of the white military efforts.

Georgia

The Cherokees in ________ had formed a particularly stable and sophisticated culture, with their own written language and a formal constitution (adopted in 1827) that created an independent Cherokee Nation.

Democratic Party

The ________, much less than Jeffersons Republicans, embraced no clear or uniform ideological position.

Cherokee Nation

In 1835, the federal government extracted a treaty from a minority faction of the Cherokees, none of them a chosen representative of the ________.

Van Buren

The ________ administration, which strongly opposed government intervention in the economy, did little to fight the depression.

Van Buren

Jackson, with ________ as his running mate, overwhelmingly defeated Clay with 55 percent of the popular vote and 219 electoral votes.