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Acute Radiation Syndrome
A collection of symptoms resulting from high-dose radiation exposure, including hematologic, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system syndromes.
Cytogenetic Damage
Damage to the chromosomes as a result of radiation exposure.
Radiosensitivity
The degree to which cells are affected by radiation; varies based on cell type.
Hematologic Depression
A decrease in the number of blood cells resulting from radiation exposure.
Molecular Composition
The composition of macromolecules in the body which includes proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Radiobiology
The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on biological tissue.
Proton Therapy
A type of radiation therapy that uses protons to irradiate cancer cells, allowing for less damage to surrounding tissues.
Homeostasis
The state of equilibrium among tissue and organs in the body.
Endocrine Glands
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; includes pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, and pancreas.
Erythema
A sunburn-like reddening of the skin, often the first observable reaction to radiation exposure.
Nucleotide
The basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that occur within a living organism, including catabolism and anabolism.
Genetic Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence that can result from radiation exposure and may lead to various biological consequences.
Chromosome Aberration
A structural change in a chromosome that may affect cell function and can result from ionizing radiation.
Cell Cycle
The series of phases that a cell goes through when it grows and divides, including G1, S, G2, and M phases.
Oxygen Effect
The phenomenon where oxygen presence increases the radiosensitivity of tissues, making them more prone to damage from radiation.
RBE (Relative Biologic Effectiveness)
A ratio used to compare the biological effectiveness of different types of radiation.
Gonadal Dysfunction
Impaired function of the reproductive glands due to radiation exposure, affecting sperm and ovum production.
Late Effects of Radiation
Health effects that present after a long latency period following radiation exposure, often including cancer and genetic effects.
Cytoplasm
The gel-like substance within a cell that houses organelles and is the site of many cellular processes.
Gene Therapy
An experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease, potential benefits in radiation exposure recovery.
Dose-Response Relationship
The correlation between the dose of radiation received and the magnitude of the biological response observed.
