Ancient Rome

Antoninus Pius

Under ________ (138- 161), Rome continued in peace and prosperity, but the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161- 180) was dominated by conflict, including war against Parthia and Armenia and the invasion of Germanic tribes from the north.

Numa Pompilius

There are seven legendary kings of Rome: Romulus, ________, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (Tarquin the Elder), Servius Tullius and Tarquinius Superbus, or Tarquin the Proud (534- 510 B.C .)

Constantine

________ (the son of Constantius) emerged from the ensuing power struggles as sole emperor of a reunified Rome in 324.

eighth century BC

Beginning in the ________, Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italys Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands.

Attila

________ and his brutal Huns invaded Gaul and Italy around 450, further shaking the foundations of the empire.

cult of devotion

Augustus ruled for 56 years, supported by his great army and by a growing ________ to the emperor.

Sicily

The first two Punic Wars ended with Rome in full control of ________, the western Mediterranean and much of Spain.

Titus

________ (79- 81) earned his peoples devotion with his handling of recovery efforts after the infamous eruption of Vesuvius, which destroyed the towns of Herculaneum and Pompeii.

Trajan

________ (98- 117) expanded Romes borders to the greatest extent in history with victories over the kingdoms of Dacia (now northwestern Romania) and Parthia.

reign of Nerva

The ________ (96- 98), who was selected by the Senate to succeed Domitian, began another golden age in Roman history, during which four emperors- Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius- took the throne peacefully, succeeding one another by adoption, as opposed to hereditary succession.

third century

During the ________ Rome suffered from a cycle of near- constant conflict.

Octavian

In 31 B.C., ________ triumped over the forces of Antony and Queen Cleopatra of Egypt (also rumored to be the onetime lover of Julius Caesar) in the Battle of Actium.

obscure Jewish sect

At the Council of Nicaea in 325, Constantine made Christianity (once a(n) ________) Romes official religion.

Neros

Four emperors took the throne in the tumultuous year after ________ death; the fourth, Vespasian (69- 79), and his successors, Titus and Domitian, were known as the Flavians; they attempted to temper the excesses of the Roman court, restore Senate authority and promote public welfare.

fifth century AD

The long and triumphant reign of its first emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and prosperity; by contrast, the Roman Empires decline and fall by the ________ was one of the most dramatic implosions in the history of human civilization.

Italy

In September 476, a Germanic prince named Odovacar won control of the Roman army in ________.

Gaius Marius

________, a commoner whose military prowess elevated him to the position of consul (for the first of six terms) in 107 B.C., was the first of a series of warlords who would dominate Rome during the late republic.

Augustus dynasty

________ included the unpopular Tiberius (14- 37 A.D.), the bloodthirsty and unstable Caligula (37- 41) and Claudius (41- 54), who was best remembered for his armys conquest of Britain.

Rome

________ was built on seven hills, known as "the seven hills of Rome- "Esquiline Hill, Palatine Hill, Aventine Hill, Capitoline Hill, Quirinal Hill, Viminal Hill and Caelian Hill.

Italy

In 49 B.C., Caesar and one of his legions crossed the Rubicon, a river on the border between ________ from Cisalpine Gaul.

There are seven legendary kings of Rome

Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (Tarquin the Elder), Servius Tullius and Tarquinius Superbus, or Tarquin the Proud (534-510 B.C.)

and another rising star in Roman politics

Gaius Julius Caesar

Rome eventually collapsed under the weight of its own bloated empire, losing its provinces one by one

Britain around 410; Spain and northern Africa by 430