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Liquid carbon dioxide
________ released from the extinguisher into the environment at 1 atm immediately changes to a vapor.
structures of crystalline solids
The ________ are most commonly determined by X- ray diffraction.
mixture of elements
Alloy**: a substance that contains a(n) ________ and has metallic properties.
Diffraction
________ is due to constructive interference when the waves of parallel beams are in phase and to destructive interference when the waves are out of phase.
L iquids
________ exhibit many characteristics that help us understand their nature.
Metals
________ are characterized by high thermal and electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility.
external pressure
The melting point of ice decreases as the ________ increase.
Electrons
________ must be in singly occupied molecular orbitals to conduct a current.
alcohols methanol
The ________ and ethanol have much higher boiling points than would be expected from their molar masses because of the polar O- H bonds in these molecules, which produce hydrogen bonding.
Table sugar
________, on the other hand, is composed of neutral molecules that are dispersed throughout the water when the solid dissolves.
ceramic contains
A(n) ________ two phases: minute crystals of silicates that are suspended in glassy cement.
molecular orbitals
The existence of empty ________ close in energy to filled ________ explains the thermal and electrical conductivity of metal crystals.
Octahedral holes
________ are formed between two sets of three spheres in adjoining layers of the closest packed structures.
Molecular complexity
________ leads to higher viscosity because very large molecules can become entangled with each other.
Ceramics
________ seem an obvious choice for constructing jet and automobile engines in which the greatest fuel efficiencies are possible at very high temperatures.
Ionic solids
________ such as NaCl and NaF have very high melting points and enthalpies of fusion because of the strong ionic forces in these solids.
Metals
________ conduct electricity and heat very efficiently because of the availability of highly mobile electrons.
vapor pressures
The melting and boiling points for a substance are determined by the ________ of the solid and liquid states.
phase diagram
A(n) ________ is a convenient way of representing the phases of a substance as a function of temperature and pressure.
Hydrogen bonding
________ is also important in organic molecules.
Ionic solids
________ are stable, high- melting substances held together by the strong electrostatic forces that exist between oppositely charged ions.
Note
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