anatomy bones classifications

fissure

narrow slit

foramen

hole for nerves and blood vessels

canal

elongated

aperture

large hole

fenestra

hole covered with connective tissue

meatus

tube-like

elivations

rounded and irregular elevations known from ther size.

1. tubercle

2. tuberosity

3. tuberochanter

depression classified according to their ?

pit , fovea , fossa

notch:

sudden depression between 2 elevations

fossa

large shallow depression

groove

elongated depression contains nerve or blood vessels

Articular surfaces

1. condyle

2. head 3)facet

3. trochela

condyle

smooth part at the end of the bone who articulates with another bone to form a joint

head

rounded condyle on a neck

facet

smooth and flat which is usually covered with cartilage, articulates with another bone.

trochela

grooved articular surface

functions of bony skeleton ?

1. determines shape & lenght of the body

2. it forms jointed levers premitting movements

3. it protects the vital organs from damage

joints

is the meaning of 2 bones

fibrous joints:

rarely movable or immovable

cartilginous joints

limited movements

synovial joints

moves freely

suture type

found in between skull

syndesmosis type

formed in inferior tibio-fibular joints

gomphosis

found in the jaw between the teeth roots and the jaw bones

primary cartligenous

formed by the meeting of articulating bones by hyaline cartilage

secondary cartligenous joint

1)surfaces are of hyaline and fibercartligenous components 2) allow slight movements 3) found in body midline

types of synovial joints based on axial

1. uniaxial

2. biaxial

3. multiaxial

hinge ( uniaxial )

allows the elbow to make flexion and extention

pivot ( uniaxial )

when the bone rotates inside a ring

saddle ( biaxial )

Occurs when the two touching surfaces have convex and concave

ellipsoid (bioaxial )

a condyle articulates with elliptical depression which does flexion and extention and adduction and abduction

bicondyler joint ( biaxial )

the movement it mainly around one axis and also limited

plane synovial ( multiaxial )

bones past each other

ball and socket ( multiaxial )

allows movement in almost any direction