Nutrition and Diet

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72 Terms

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Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

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Nutrition

The science that studies nutrients and other substances in food and how they relate to health and diseases.

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Nutrients

The nourishing substances in food that provide energy and promote the growth and maintenance of the body.

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Essential Nutrients

Compounds that the body can't make or can't make in sufficient quantity and must be supplied from food.

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Food

Substance consisting of essential nutrients used in the body to sustain growth, vital processes, and provide energy.

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Nutritional Status

One's physical condition as determined by the diet.

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Optimum Nutrition

The state of receiving and utilizing essential nutrients to maintain health and well-being at the highest possible level.

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Overnutrition

An excessive intake of one or more nutrients, often referring to nutrients providing energy.

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Undernutrition

A deficiency of one or more nutrients, including nutrients providing energy.

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Diet

The food and beverages that a person normally eats.

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Nutrient Density

The nutrient value of foods compared with the number of calories.

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Energy Density

The amount of energy (calories) in food compared to nutritional value.

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Calories

A measure of the energy in food, specifically the energy-yielding nutrients.

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Calories

equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water to 1°C.

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1 Calorie = 1000 calories

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1 Calorie = 1 kilocalorie (kcal)

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4 kcal/gram

Carbohydrates Fuel Factor (energy content)

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4 kcal/gram

Protein Fuel Factor (energy content)

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9 kcal/gram

Fats Fuel Factor (energy content)

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Alcohol Fuel Factor (energy content)

7 kcal/gram (non-food).

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Adequate Diet

A diet that provides enough energy, nutrients, and fiber to maintain health.

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A diet may be inadequate in one category and excessive in another.

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Adequacy of diet is individualized.

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Moderate Diet

Eating any foods in moderate amounts, not too much, not too little.

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Balanced Diet

A diet that contains combinations of foods to provide proper proportions of nutrients.

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Varied Diet

Variety refers to eating many different foods from the different food groups on a regular basis.

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Variety increases the likelihood of consuming all the nutrients the body needs.

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Respiration

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Circulation

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Digestion

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Metabolism

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Maintaining body temperature.

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Growth and repair of body tissues

Physiologic Value of Food

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It is nourishing or nutritious

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It has satiety value

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It is prepared under sanitary conditions

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Its palatability factors (color, aroma, flavor, texture)

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Within the budget and suitable to the occasion.

Food is good to eat when it fulfills these qualities:

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Satiety Value

The ability of food to satisfy hunger and provide a feeling of fullness.

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Sanitary Conditions

Food prepared in clean and hygienic environments.

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Palatability Factors

Color, aroma, flavor, and texture of food.

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Values

Beliefs and attitudes that are important to people.

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Ethnic Groups

Groups of people who share common blood ties, land ties, or racial and religious similarities.

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Food Norm

Typical standards and patterns related to food and eating behaviors.

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Food Taboo

Social customs that prohibit the use of certain edible resources as food.

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Habits

Settled or regular tendencies or practices, especially ones that are hard to give up.

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Status food

are foods that have a social impact on others. Often serves at special occasions to influence or impress important people.

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Staple food

A mainstay food in the diet that supplies a large portion of the calories people need to maintain health.

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Technology

The application of a certain body of knowledge that has influenced how food gets from farm to table.

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Aseptic packaging

A packaging technology that preserves quality and extends the shelf life of food.

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Physiological factors

hunger and or appetite for food. You may choose the foods you eat either because you are hungry or you have a specific appetite for one particular food.

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appetite and hunger is based on food habits, gender, body size and activity level.

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individual energy and nutrient needs

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the amount of energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals needed differs between different age groups and between males and females.

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Energy needs also depend on activity levels.

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Health concerns -  Inclusion and exclusion of certain foods from a diet can be due to a person’s health concerns or medical reasons

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Psychological factors

Factors such as attitudes, values, experiences, emotions, habits, and beliefs that influence food choices and decisions.

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Geographical factors

Factors related to geographic location and climate that dictate the type of foods that can be grown and preferred by people.

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Social factors

The impact that one or more persons have on the eating behavior of others, either direct or indirect, conscious or subconscious.

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Economical factors

Factors related to price, taste, and the age or seasonality of food that influence food choices.

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Technological Factors

Influences the type of food we eat and the way we prepare, store and serve.

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Cooking methods

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food production

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food storage

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food packing

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preservation

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appliances

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Religious Factors

A persons level of commitment to their religion may affect whether they adopt the dietary practices of the religion

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Media and Advertising

The media influences a person’s lifestyle by changing the way our perception is towards certain things (e.g. what we choose to wear or he foods we chose to eat)

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Many television advertisements promote high fattening or sugary foods

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Advertisements target children by using prizes, giveaways, animation and jingles and popular personalities to draw them in.