Chapter 17 - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

DNA molecule

A(n) ________ is composed of two nucleotide strands that, like a spiral step, are wounded around one another.

Protein

________ is synthesized in the ribosomes in three steps: initiation, chain elongation, and termination.

TRNAs

________ provide the right ribosome amino acids and peptide bonds during translation to join amino acids to a peptide chain.

genetic code

The ________ consists of a number of codons, three- base sequences that specify the order in a protein for amino acids.

Polymerase Chain Reaction

The ________ produces large amounts of DNA in criminal investigations.

nucleotide

There are three components of a(n) ________: a pentose, a base, and a phosphate group.

AIDS treatment

In ________, inhibitors block the entry into the cell by the virus, nucleoside analogs inhibit the reverse HIV transcriptase and protease inhibitors interrupt the protease catalytic activity needed to produce proteins to synthesize more viruses.

nucleoside

A(n) ________ is a pentose sugar and a base combination.

DNA

In ________, adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine may be the base of sugar.

AUG codon

The ________ indicates beginning the transcription, which is stopped by the UAG, UGA, and UAA codons.

MRNA

________ is produced when certain proteins are necessary in the cell.

nucleic acid

Each ________ has a unique base sequence called its primary structure.

amino acids

The 20 ________ have 64 codons, meaning that most amino acids have multiple codons.

genetic mutation

A(n) ________ is a change in one or more DNA sequence bases that can change the proper function of the structure and ability of the resulting protein.

viral DNA

The ________ is synthesized in the host cell with the nucleotides and enzymes for a retrovirus containing RNA.

protein

The ________ expressed by the foreign DNA segment is produced as the changed bacterial cells replicate.

DNA

The foundations of mRNA are complementary to ________, except that A in ________ and U in RNA are matched.

DNA

________ or RNA viruses must invade host cells to synthesize more viruses using machinery in cells.