Chapter 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Community ecology

________ provides a framework for identifying important species interactions associated with such diseases, as well as for tracking and controlling their spread.

Autotrophs

________ convert chemical energy, which is then passed on to heterotrophs, food's organic components, and dissipated as heat.

Vegetation

________ has a major influence on nutrient cycling.

inorganic form

Organisms that are photosynthetic and chemosynthetic take up these elements in their ________ from the air, soil, and water, which they integrate into their biomass, some of which is eaten by animals.

main producers

Autotrophs, also known as the ________ of the ecosystem, make up the trophic level that eventually sustains all others.

scale

An ecosystem, regardless of ________, has two fundamental emergent properties.

Pathogens

________ change the structure of communities both locally and internationally.

Climate variables

________, such as temperature, have an impact on terrestrial ecosystems.

Ecologists

________ employ organisms to supplement ecosystems with necessary elements in biological augmentation.

Energy flow

________ and chemical cycle are two characteristics.

dark orange arrows

Energy (________) entering the food web as radiation from the sun is transferred as chemical energy; each of these units of energy eventually departs as heat is emitted into space.

Primary production

________ in ecosystems is governed by energy and other limiting variables.

Zoonotic pathogens

________ are infections that spread from animals to people and are responsible for the majority of developing human illnesses.

Nitrogen enters

________ ecosystems via atmospheric deposition and prokaryotic nitrogen- fixing.

carbon cycle

The ________ is largely characterized by the reciprocal processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Elements

________ like as carbon and nitrogen are used in the chemical cycle and are transferred between the biotic and abiotic elements of the ecosystem.

primary productivity

Light and nutrients restrict ________ in aquatic environments.

trophic tiers

Based on feeding interactions, ecologists classify organisms in an environment into ________.

metabolism

The ________ releases inorganic compounds into the environment.

majority of autotrophs

The ________ are photosynthetic organisms that use light energy to produce sugars and other organic molecules that they use as fuel for cellular respiration and building material for growth.

Pathogens

________ have an important influence on the structure of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, according to recent research.