Chapter 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

etiolation response

The ________ is one example of how intricate interactions between external and internal signals tailor a plant's morphology and physiology to its surroundings.

hypersensitive reaction

The ________ isolates an infection and kills both pathogen and host cells in the area.

Thigmotropism

________ is a touch- induced growth response.

Plants

________ generate unpleasant or poisonous compounds, as well as attractants that draw herbivore- killing animals, in addition to physical defenses such as thorns and trichomes.

Photoreceptors

________ that respond to blue light regulate hypocotyl elongation, stomatal opening, and phototropism.

synthesis of chlorophyll

They are black, with enlarged leaves and short, strong stalks, but are not green because the final stage in the ________ necessitates direct exposure to light.

Signals

________ are recognized initially by receptors, which are proteins that change form in response to a specific stimulus.

Pathways

________ for signal transduction connect signal receipt to the response.

Electrical impulses

________ are transmitted during rapid leaf motions.

de etiolation

The kind of phytochrome that works in ________ is found in the cytoplasm, as opposed to most receptors, which are built into the plasma membrane.

cellular reactions

The signal is sent, resulting in ________.

resistance

Systemic acquired ________ is a broad- based defensive response in organs far from the source of infection.

broad range of stimuli

Other than light, plants respond to a(n) ________.

Dodder plants

________ receive particular environmental cues and respond to them in ways that improve survival and reproductive success, although dodder is not exceptional in this sense.

Hormones

________ regulate plant growth and development by influencing cell division, elongation, and differentiation.

short day plants

To blossom, ________ require a night that is longer than a crucial duration.

intrinsic circadian clock

A(n) ________ regulates several daily cycles in plant activity.

Positive gravitropism

________ is observed in the roots, whereas negative gravitropism is observed in the stems.

Plants

________ are vulnerable to environmental stressors such as drought, floods, excessive salt, and temperature extremes.

Plants

________ respond to diseases and herbivore assaults.