Chapter 13: Social Psychology

Aggression

________ is a complex behavior and there is no one spot that controls it in the brain.

David Napolitan

________ and George Goethals showed the fundamental l attribution error in an experiment.

Charles Osgood

________ advocated a strategy of Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension- Reduction (GRIT)

Frustration creates

________ anger which can start aggression.

availability heuristic

The ________ is the tendency to estimate the frequency of an event by how readily it comes to mind.

Social contagion

________ is not confined to behavior.

Physical attractiveness

________ also predicts how often people date and how popular they feel.

Peripheral Route Persuasion

________:** occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness.

Peoples attractiveness

________ is surprisingly unrelated to their self- esteem and happiness.

GRIT

When ________ is applied, one side first announces its recognition of mutual interests and its intent to reduce tension.

Aversive stimuli hot temperatures

________, physical pain, personal insults, foul odors, cigarette smoke, crowding- can evoke hostility.

international exchange

The power of cooperative activity to make friends of former enemies has led psychologists to urge increased ________ and cooperation.

Biology

________ does influence aggression in 3 levels.

aggressive responses

Alcohol also unleashes ________ to frustrations.

Self interest

________ underlies all human interactions, that our constant goal is to maximize rewards and minimize costs.

Self Disclosure

________:** the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

external influences

Attitudes are especially likely to affect behavior when ________ are minimal.

override differences

Superordinate Goals:** shared goals that ________ among people and require their cooperation.

presence of bystanders

The ________ reduces brain activation in the motor cortex, signaling that we dont need to take action.

Self Disclosure

________:** the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

Mirror Image Perceptions

________:** mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

Central route persuasion

________ offers evidence and arguments that trigger careful thinking.

Persuaders

________ try to influence our behavior by changing our attitudes.

Suggestibility

________ and mimicry are subtle types of conformity.

Mirror Image Perceptions

________:** mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

Mediators

________ can replace a competitive win- lose orientation with a cooperative win- win orientation that leads to a mutually beneficial resolution.

Social Trap

________:** a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self- interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

cognitive appraisal

Emotions have two ingredients- physical arousal plus ________.

Situational factors

________, such as strong social pressures, can override the attitude behavior connection.

Altruism

________ became a major concern of social psychologists after an especially vile act.

theory notes

Scapegoat ________ that when things go wrong, finding someone to blame can provide a target for our negative emotions.

MAOA gene

________ (sometimes called the warrior gene) helps break down neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin.

Humans

________ are less sensitive to hormonal changes.

Hindsight bias amplifies

________ victim blaming.

Fundamental Attribution

________ Error:** the tendency for observers, when analyzing others behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

positive absorption

Passionate Love:** an aroused state of intense ________ in another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship.

Natural mimicry

________ enables us to empathize.

reciprocity norm

The ________ is the expectation that we should return help, not harm, to those who have helped us.

Peripheral Route Persuasion

________:** occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness.

Social Psychology

________:** the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

attitudes follow behavior principle

The ________ has a heartening implication.

aggressive responses

Alcohol also unleashes ________ to frustrations.

Mere Exposure

________ Effect:** the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

realistic appraisal of alternatives

Groupthink**: the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision- making group overrides a(n) ________.

Arousal

________ from any source can enhance one emotion or another, depending on how we interpret and label the ________.

Bystander

________ Effect:** the tendency for any given ________ to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

MAOA gene

________ (sometimes called the warrior gene) helps break down neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin.

Cognitive Dissonance

________ Theory:** the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.

Aggression

________ varies too much between culture, eras, and people to be considered an instinct.

Altruism

________**: unselfish regard for the welfare of.