Chapter 13: Social Psychology

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Aggression

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Psychology

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1

Aggression

________ is a complex behavior and there is no one spot that controls it in the brain.

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2

David Napolitan

________ and George Goethals showed the fundamental l attribution error in an experiment.

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3

Charles Osgood

________ advocated a strategy of Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension- Reduction (GRIT)

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4

Frustration creates

________ anger which can start aggression.

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5

availability heuristic

The ________ is the tendency to estimate the frequency of an event by how readily it comes to mind.

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6

Social contagion

________ is not confined to behavior.

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7

Physical attractiveness

________ also predicts how often people date and how popular they feel.

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8

Peripheral Route Persuasion

________:** occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness.

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9

Peoples attractiveness

________ is surprisingly unrelated to their self- esteem and happiness.

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10

GRIT

When ________ is applied, one side first announces its recognition of mutual interests and its intent to reduce tension.

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11

Aversive stimuli hot temperatures

________, physical pain, personal insults, foul odors, cigarette smoke, crowding- can evoke hostility.

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12

international exchange

The power of cooperative activity to make friends of former enemies has led psychologists to urge increased ________ and cooperation.

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13

Biology

________ does influence aggression in 3 levels.

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14

aggressive responses

Alcohol also unleashes ________ to frustrations.

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15

Self interest

________ underlies all human interactions, that our constant goal is to maximize rewards and minimize costs.

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16

Self Disclosure

________:** the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

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17

external influences

Attitudes are especially likely to affect behavior when ________ are minimal.

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18

override differences

Superordinate Goals:** shared goals that ________ among people and require their cooperation.

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19

presence of bystanders

The ________ reduces brain activation in the motor cortex, signaling that we dont need to take action.

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20

Self Disclosure

________:** the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

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21

Mirror Image Perceptions

________:** mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

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22

Central route persuasion

________ offers evidence and arguments that trigger careful thinking.

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23

Persuaders

________ try to influence our behavior by changing our attitudes.

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24

Suggestibility

________ and mimicry are subtle types of conformity.

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25

Mirror Image Perceptions

________:** mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

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26

Mediators

________ can replace a competitive win- lose orientation with a cooperative win- win orientation that leads to a mutually beneficial resolution.

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27

Social Trap

________:** a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self- interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

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28

cognitive appraisal

Emotions have two ingredients- physical arousal plus ________.

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29

Situational factors

________, such as strong social pressures, can override the attitude behavior connection.

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30

Altruism

________ became a major concern of social psychologists after an especially vile act.

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31

theory notes

Scapegoat ________ that when things go wrong, finding someone to blame can provide a target for our negative emotions.

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32

MAOA gene

________ (sometimes called the warrior gene) helps break down neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin.

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33

Humans

________ are less sensitive to hormonal changes.

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34

Hindsight bias amplifies

________ victim blaming.

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35

Fundamental Attribution

________ Error:** the tendency for observers, when analyzing others behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

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36

positive absorption

Passionate Love:** an aroused state of intense ________ in another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship.

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37

Natural mimicry

________ enables us to empathize.

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38

reciprocity norm

The ________ is the expectation that we should return help, not harm, to those who have helped us.

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39

Peripheral Route Persuasion

________:** occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness.

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40

Social Psychology

________:** the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

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41

attitudes follow behavior principle

The ________ has a heartening implication.

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42

aggressive responses

Alcohol also unleashes ________ to frustrations.

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43

Mere Exposure

________ Effect:** the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

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44

realistic appraisal of alternatives

Groupthink**: the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision- making group overrides a(n) ________.

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45

Arousal

________ from any source can enhance one emotion or another, depending on how we interpret and label the ________.

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46

Bystander

________ Effect:** the tendency for any given ________ to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

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47

MAOA gene

________ (sometimes called the warrior gene) helps break down neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin.

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48

Cognitive Dissonance

________ Theory:** the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.

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49

Aggression

________ varies too much between culture, eras, and people to be considered an instinct.

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50

Altruism

________**: unselfish regard for the welfare of.

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