Unit 5 - Heredity

heterozygous genotype

The ________ produces an "intermediate "phenotype rather than the dominant phenotype; neither allele dominates the other.

Karyotype

________:* a chart that organizes chromosomes in relation to number, size, and type.

Gregor Mendels work

________- not able to account for many patterns of inheritance that occur in life (sex- linked traits, incomplete dominance, and codominance)

Thomas Morgan

________** made key discoveries regarding sex linkage and linked genes.

Gregor Mendel

________- spent many years working with peas.

II

During meiosis ________, the remaining cell divides a second time, and forms a polar body that is cast away, and a single haploid ovum that contains half the genetic information and nearly all the cytoplasm of the original parent cell.

Anaphase I

________-* Separated homologous pairs move to opposite poles of the cell.

Geneticists

________ breed the organism whose genotype is unknown with an organism that is homozygous recessive for the trait.

single gene

A(n) ________ has multiple effects on an organism.

homologous pairs

In humans, there are 23 ________- 223 (8, 388, 608) different ways the gametes can separate during gametogenesis.

genetic information

Homologous chromosomes-** resemble one another in shape, size, function, and the ________ they contain.

Huntington

________ disease-** A fatal disease that causes the breakdown of the nervous system.

fur color

Eg: ________- B represents the allele for brown and b represents the allele for black.

Sickle cell anemia

________** a common recessive disease that occurs as a result of an improper amino acid substitution during translation of* hemoglobin.

Homozygous

________** (pure*): an individual is ________ for a gene if both of the given alleles are the same (BB or bb)

process of cell division

The ________- ample opportunity for variation.

developmental process

Deletion-** occurs when a piece of the chromosome is lost in the ________.

genetic input

The phenotype is a "mixture "of both of the parents ________.

genetic segment

Chromosome duplication-** results in the repetition of a(n) ________.

Meiosis

________ consists of a single synthesis period during which the DNA is replicated, followed by two acts of cell division.

second copy of DNA

A cell destined to undergo meiosis goes through the cell cycle, synthesizing a(n) ________.

Mendel

________ used plant experiments to test this hypothesis and developed his two fundamental theories: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.

Eg

________: Mendels peas- round or wrinkled, green or yellow, purple flower or white flower.

Tay Sachs disease

________-** fatal genetic disorder that renders the body unable to break down a particular type of lipid that accumulates in the brain and eventually causes blindness and brain damage.

meiotic cycle

In men,** spermatogenesis** leads to the production of four haploid sperm during each ________.

excess cytoplasm

The ________ is required for proper growth of the embryo after fertilization.

Nondisjunction

________:* the improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis, which leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes in offspring.

heterozygous gametes

A dihybrid cross between ________ gives a 9: 3: 3: 1 phenotype ratio in the offspring.

autosomal recessive disease

Phenylketonuria**** (PKU**)- ________ caused by a single gene defect.

Usage of pedigrees

________: determine the risk of parents passing certain conditions to their offspring.

fruit flies

The ________ had four pairs of chromosomes: three autosomal pairs and one sex chromosome pair.

Heterozygous

________** (hybrid*): an individual is ________ (or a hybrid) for a gene if the two alleles are different (Bb)

homologous partner

Metaphase I-* Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate matched with their ________.

monohybrid cross

A(n) ________ between heterozygous gametes gives a 3: 1 phenotype ratio in the offspring.

cells

The ________ produced during meiosis in the human life cycle-** gametes.

Phenotype of an organism

________- can be determined from simple observation.

Mendels law of independent assortment

________ predicts offspring of four different phenotypes in a 1: 1: 1: 1 ratio.

second cell division

The ________ exists because the gametes to be formed from meiosis must be haploid.

Recombination frequency

________ can be used to determine how close two genes are on a chromosome through the creation of linkage maps.

gamete factory

In humans, the sperm- one of 223 possibilities from the male ________; the ovum, one of 223 possibilities from the female gamete factory.

daughter cells

Cytokinesis-* After the ________ split, the two newly formed cells are haploid* (n*)

II

Meiosis ________**- the separation of the duplicated sister chromatids into chromosomes.

genetic information

After meiosis I in females, one cell receives half the ________ and the majority of the cytoplasm of the parent cell.

Meiosis

________- occurs during the process of sexual reproduction.

Sickle cell anemia

________ is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.

homologous pairs

Meiosis I**- the separation of the ________ into two separate cells.

Monohybrid cross

________**- a cross that involves a single character in which both parents are heterozygous (Bb × Bb)