The ________ produces an "intermediate "phenotype rather than the dominant phenotype; neither allele dominates the other.
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Karyotype
________:* a chart that organizes chromosomes in relation to number, size, and type.
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Gregor Mendels work
________- not able to account for many patterns of inheritance that occur in life (sex- linked traits, incomplete dominance, and codominance)
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Thomas Morgan
________** made key discoveries regarding sex linkage and linked genes.
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Gregor Mendel
________- spent many years working with peas.
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II
During meiosis ________, the remaining cell divides a second time, and forms a polar body that is cast away, and a single haploid ovum that contains half the genetic information and nearly all the cytoplasm of the original parent cell.
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Anaphase I
________-* Separated homologous pairs move to opposite poles of the cell.
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Geneticists
________ breed the organism whose genotype is unknown with an organism that is homozygous recessive for the trait.
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single gene
A(n) ________ has multiple effects on an organism.
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homologous pairs
In humans, there are 23 ________- 223 (8, 388, 608) different ways the gametes can separate during gametogenesis.
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genetic information
Homologous chromosomes-** resemble one another in shape, size, function, and the ________ they contain.
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Huntington
________ disease-** A fatal disease that causes the breakdown of the nervous system.
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fur color
Eg: ________- B represents the allele for brown and b represents the allele for black.
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Sickle cell anemia
________** a common recessive disease that occurs as a result of an improper amino acid substitution during translation of* hemoglobin.
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Homozygous
________** (pure*): an individual is ________ for a gene if both of the given alleles are the same (BB or bb)
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process of cell division
The ________- ample opportunity for variation.
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developmental process
Deletion-** occurs when a piece of the chromosome is lost in the ________.
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genetic input
The phenotype is a "mixture "of both of the parents ________.
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genetic segment
Chromosome duplication-** results in the repetition of a(n) ________.
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Meiosis
________ consists of a single synthesis period during which the DNA is replicated, followed by two acts of cell division.
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second copy of DNA
A cell destined to undergo meiosis goes through the cell cycle, synthesizing a(n) ________.
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Mendel
________ used plant experiments to test this hypothesis and developed his two fundamental theories: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
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Eg
________: Mendels peas- round or wrinkled, green or yellow, purple flower or white flower.
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Tay Sachs disease
________-** fatal genetic disorder that renders the body unable to break down a particular type of lipid that accumulates in the brain and eventually causes blindness and brain damage.
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meiotic cycle
In men,** spermatogenesis** leads to the production of four haploid sperm during each ________.
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excess cytoplasm
The ________ is required for proper growth of the embryo after fertilization.
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Nondisjunction
________:* the improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis, which leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes in offspring.
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heterozygous gametes
A dihybrid cross between ________ gives a 9: 3: 3: 1 phenotype ratio in the offspring.
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autosomal recessive disease
Phenylketonuria**** (PKU**)- ________ caused by a single gene defect.
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Usage of pedigrees
________: determine the risk of parents passing certain conditions to their offspring.
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fruit flies
The ________ had four pairs of chromosomes: three autosomal pairs and one sex chromosome pair.
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Heterozygous
________** (hybrid*): an individual is ________ (or a hybrid) for a gene if the two alleles are different (Bb)
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homologous partner
Metaphase I-* Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate matched with their ________.
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monohybrid cross
A(n) ________ between heterozygous gametes gives a 3: 1 phenotype ratio in the offspring.
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cells
The ________ produced during meiosis in the human life cycle-** gametes.
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Phenotype of an organism
________- can be determined from simple observation.
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Mendels law of independent assortment
________ predicts offspring of four different phenotypes in a 1: 1: 1: 1 ratio.
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second cell division
The ________ exists because the gametes to be formed from meiosis must be haploid.
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Recombination frequency
________ can be used to determine how close two genes are on a chromosome through the creation of linkage maps.
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gamete factory
In humans, the sperm- one of 223 possibilities from the male ________; the ovum, one of 223 possibilities from the female gamete factory.
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daughter cells
Cytokinesis-* After the ________ split, the two newly formed cells are haploid* (n*)
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II
Meiosis ________**- the separation of the duplicated sister chromatids into chromosomes.
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genetic information
After meiosis I in females, one cell receives half the ________ and the majority of the cytoplasm of the parent cell.
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Meiosis
________- occurs during the process of sexual reproduction.
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Sickle cell anemia
________ is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
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homologous pairs
Meiosis I**- the separation of the ________ into two separate cells.
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Monohybrid cross
________**- a cross that involves a single character in which both parents are heterozygous (Bb × Bb)
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