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heterozygous genotype
The ________ produces an "intermediate "phenotype rather than the dominant phenotype; neither allele dominates the other.
Karyotype
________:* a chart that organizes chromosomes in relation to number, size, and type.
Gregor Mendels work
________- not able to account for many patterns of inheritance that occur in life (sex- linked traits, incomplete dominance, and codominance)
Thomas Morgan
________** made key discoveries regarding sex linkage and linked genes.
Gregor Mendel
________- spent many years working with peas.
II
During meiosis ________, the remaining cell divides a second time, and forms a polar body that is cast away, and a single haploid ovum that contains half the genetic information and nearly all the cytoplasm of the original parent cell.
Anaphase I
________-* Separated homologous pairs move to opposite poles of the cell.
Geneticists
________ breed the organism whose genotype is unknown with an organism that is homozygous recessive for the trait.
single gene
A(n) ________ has multiple effects on an organism.
homologous pairs
In humans, there are 23 ________- 223 (8, 388, 608) different ways the gametes can separate during gametogenesis.
genetic information
Homologous chromosomes-** resemble one another in shape, size, function, and the ________ they contain.
Huntington
________ disease-** A fatal disease that causes the breakdown of the nervous system.
fur color
Eg: ________- B represents the allele for brown and b represents the allele for black.
Sickle cell anemia
________** a common recessive disease that occurs as a result of an improper amino acid substitution during translation of* hemoglobin.
Homozygous
________** (pure*): an individual is ________ for a gene if both of the given alleles are the same (BB or bb)
process of cell division
The ________- ample opportunity for variation.
developmental process
Deletion-** occurs when a piece of the chromosome is lost in the ________.
genetic input
The phenotype is a "mixture "of both of the parents ________.
genetic segment
Chromosome duplication-** results in the repetition of a(n) ________.
Meiosis
________ consists of a single synthesis period during which the DNA is replicated, followed by two acts of cell division.
second copy of DNA
A cell destined to undergo meiosis goes through the cell cycle, synthesizing a(n) ________.
Mendel
________ used plant experiments to test this hypothesis and developed his two fundamental theories: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
Eg
________: Mendels peas- round or wrinkled, green or yellow, purple flower or white flower.
Tay Sachs disease
________-** fatal genetic disorder that renders the body unable to break down a particular type of lipid that accumulates in the brain and eventually causes blindness and brain damage.
meiotic cycle
In men,** spermatogenesis** leads to the production of four haploid sperm during each ________.
excess cytoplasm
The ________ is required for proper growth of the embryo after fertilization.
Nondisjunction
________:* the improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis, which leads to an abnormal number of chromosomes in offspring.
heterozygous gametes
A dihybrid cross between ________ gives a 9: 3: 3: 1 phenotype ratio in the offspring.
autosomal recessive disease
Phenylketonuria**** (PKU**)- ________ caused by a single gene defect.
Usage of pedigrees
________: determine the risk of parents passing certain conditions to their offspring.
fruit flies
The ________ had four pairs of chromosomes: three autosomal pairs and one sex chromosome pair.
Heterozygous
________** (hybrid*): an individual is ________ (or a hybrid) for a gene if the two alleles are different (Bb)
homologous partner
Metaphase I-* Chromosomes align along the metaphase plate matched with their ________.
monohybrid cross
A(n) ________ between heterozygous gametes gives a 3: 1 phenotype ratio in the offspring.
cells
The ________ produced during meiosis in the human life cycle-** gametes.
Phenotype of an organism
________- can be determined from simple observation.
Mendels law of independent assortment
________ predicts offspring of four different phenotypes in a 1: 1: 1: 1 ratio.
second cell division
The ________ exists because the gametes to be formed from meiosis must be haploid.
Recombination frequency
________ can be used to determine how close two genes are on a chromosome through the creation of linkage maps.
gamete factory
In humans, the sperm- one of 223 possibilities from the male ________; the ovum, one of 223 possibilities from the female gamete factory.
daughter cells
Cytokinesis-* After the ________ split, the two newly formed cells are haploid* (n*)
II
Meiosis ________**- the separation of the duplicated sister chromatids into chromosomes.
genetic information
After meiosis I in females, one cell receives half the ________ and the majority of the cytoplasm of the parent cell.
Meiosis
________- occurs during the process of sexual reproduction.
Sickle cell anemia
________ is the most common inherited disease among African Americans.
homologous pairs
Meiosis I**- the separation of the ________ into two separate cells.
Monohybrid cross
________**- a cross that involves a single character in which both parents are heterozygous (Bb × Bb)
