Chapter 1: The First Civilizations

Egypts

________ material and human resources were transformed and focused due to building and equipping the pyramids.

Urban life

________ redefined the role and status of women who had had roughly the same roles and status as men in the Neolithic period.

Israel

________ was a loosely organized confederation of tribes during its first centuries.

Trade networks

________ were extended into Syria, the Arabian Peninsula, and India for metal and stone.

Religion

________ was the heart of royal power and the the only limiting force.

Tablets

________ were later used to preserve contracts, maintain administrative records, and record significant events, prayers, myths, and proverbs.

Law Code

The ________ held veterinarians, architects, physicians, and boat builders to the standards of professional behavior.

Yahweh

________ was understood to not be just one god among many but the one universal God, creator, and ruler of the universe.

greater centralization

Writing allowed for those who mastered it to achieve ________ and control of the government.

Population growth

________ put pressure on the local food supply.

Peresians

________ allowed people of Judah to return to their homeland and rebuild their temple.

Assyrian

________ plain north of Babyloniah ad been the site of a small Mesopotamian state threatened by semi- nomads and great powers like the Babyylonains and later the Hittites.

Mesopotamians

________ believed that the role of mortals was to serve the gods and feed them through sacrifice.

agricultural prices

Dowries, contracts, ________, wages commercy, money lending, and professional standards for physicians and architects.

role of bureaucracy

The ________ was ato administer estates, channel revenues and labor towards vast public works projects, and administer estates.

Persians

________ normally protected local customs, religion, and society.

Abstract

________ and symbolic thought was represented by wall paintings, small clay and stone figurines of women, and decorated stone and bone tools.

private authority

Women exercised ________ over children and servants within the household in the cities.

Akenaten

________ temporarily transformed the aesthetic of Egyptian court life while trying to reestablish royal divinity.

Pictograms

________ developed into a true system of writing.

Sedentarization

________ and the agricultural revolution were fundamental changes in human culture.

Indo European Persians

________ and the Medes settled in Iranian plateau late in the second millennium.

Babylonians

________ modeled their imperial system on that of their predecessors (Assyrians)

Hammurabi

________ expanded his state through arms and diplomacy.

Persian conquers

________ were a lasting power in the Fertile Crescent.

Amenhotep IV

________ was the most controversial ruler of the New Kingdom.

Zoroastriansim

________ was a powerful element in Persian civilization.

Paleolithic people

________ developed speech, religion, and artistic expression.

Ancient Egyptian history

________ is divided into 31 dynasties, regrouped in turn into 4 periods of political centralization.

political frontiers

Expanded ________ meant increased trade and interaction with the rest of the ancient world.

Egyptian women

________ owned property, entered legal contracts, conducted their own business, and brought lawsuits.

Hebrew history

________ recorded Msopotamian traditions as the stories of the flood, legal traditions strongly reminiscent of those of Hammurabi, and the worship of gods in high places.

Tiglath

________- pilser and successors transformed structure of Assyrian state and expanded its empire.

Common Era

Civilization first appeared approximately 3500 years before the ________.

Divine kingship

________ was the cornerstone of Egyptian life.

Hyksos

________ adopted the traditions of Egyptian kingship and continued the tradition of divine rule.

Urban immigration

________ increased the power, wealth, and status of two groups.

Expansion of food supply

________ allowed for development of sedentary communities.

Mesopotamia

Writing served to increase the strength of the king in ________.

Mesopotamian gods

________ had the physical appearance and personalities of humans and human virtues and vices.

Nile Valley

The earliest sedentary communities in ________ appeared on the western margin of the Nile Delta around 4000 B.C.E.

Hyksos kings

________ introduced military technology and organization into Egypt.

Women of ancient Egypt

________ were more independent and more involved in public life when compared with those of Mesopotamia.

Babylonians

________ developed the most sophisticated mathematical system known prior to the 15th century C.E.

Common Era

________: period following the traditional date of the birth of Jesus.