Civil War (copy)

President James Buchanan

President James Buchanan

________ told Congress in December 1860 that no state had the right to secede from the Union but suggested that the federal government had no authority to stop a state if it did.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Homestead Act

The ________ of 1862 permitted any citizen or prospective citizen to claim 160 acres of public land and to purchase it for a small fee after living on it for five years.

secession

Acts of force or violence to support ________ were insurrectionary.

Montgomery

In February 1861, representatives of the seven seceded states met at ________, Alabama, and announced the formation of a new nation: the Confederate States of America.

National Bank Acts

The ________ of 1863- 1864 created a new national banking system.

In February 1861, representatives of the seven seceded states met at Montgomery, Alabama, and announced the formation of a new nation

the Confederate States of America

Confederate guns on shore fired at the vessel-the first shots between North and South

and turned it back

As the southern states began to secede, Abraham Lincoln spoke of American liberty

"It was not the mere matter of the separation of the Colonies from the motherland; but that sentiment in the Declaration of Independence which gave liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but, I hope, to the world, for all future time

Ralph Waldo Emerson, speaking for much of the North, said at the time

"I do not see how a barbarous community and a civilized community can constitute one state."

And a slave owner, expressing the sentiments of much of the South, said shortly after the election of Lincoln

"These [Northern] people hate us, annoy us, and would have us assassinated by our slaves if they dared

As the war began, only one thing was clear

all the important material advantages lay with the North

In addition, the North had a much better transportation system than did the South and, in particular, more and better railroads

twice as much trackage as the Confederacy and a much better integrated system of lines

It created two new federally chartered corporations

the Union Pacific Railroad Company, which was to build westward from Omaha, and the Central Pacific, which was to build eastward from California, settling the pre-war conflict over the location of the line

More difficult than promoting economic growth was fi

nancing the war

The government tried to do so in three ways

by levying taxes, issuing paper currency, and borrowing