Chapter 16 - The Era of Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Henry Adams

Henry Adams

________- former slave who left the Louisiana Plantation was confronted by a group of whites who confronted him and asked for his owner's name which he said "I now belong to no one.

St Louis

In ________, whiskey distillers- dubbed the "whiskey ring "in the press- bribed federal agents in an effort to avoid taxes, bilking the government out of millions of dollars in revenue.

Ku Klux Klans

The ________ impact on southern politics varied from state to state.

Wormleys Hotel

On February 26, 1877, prominent Ohio Republicans and powerful southern Democrats struck a private bargain- the Compromise of 1877- at ________ in Washington, D.C.

Easter Sunday

On ________ in 1873 in Colfax, Louisiana, a mob of white vigilantes, most of them ex- Confederate soldiers disappointed by local election results, used a cannon, rifles, and pistols to attack a group of black Republicans in the courthouse, slaughtering eighty- one and burning down the building.

Louisiana

In ________, Pinckney Pinchback, a northern free black and former union soldier was elected lt. Gov, there were two black senators in congress- Hiram Revels and Blanche K Bruce (Mississippi Natives educated in the North), 14 black members of US House of reps. White southerners and Democrat extremists were appalled and Racist.

African Americans

________ achieved rights and opportunities that would repeatedly be violated in coming decades but would never completely be taken away, at least in principle: equality before the law and the rights to own property, attend schools, learn to read and write, enter professions, and carry on business.

st Helena

July 1865- hundreds of freed slaves gathered near an old church on ________ island off the S. Carolina Coast Martin Delaney, Virginia Born Freeman- The highest- ranked officer in the 104th US colored troops addressed them.

Klansmen

________ focused their program of murder, violence, and intimidation on prominent Republicans, black and white- elected officials, teachers in black schools, state militias.

Civil War

The ________ had brought freedom to enslaved African Americans, but it did not bring them protection against exploitation or abuse.

Civil rights

________ act, the congressional joint committee on reconstruction proposed in April 1866-- the 14th amendment (guaranteed citizenship to anyone born /naturalized in the US except Native Americans, prohibited deprivation of life, liberty, and property w /o due process or equal protection of the law)

federal experiment

It was the first ________ in providing assistance directly to people other than from the states.

Cotton

________ was either destroyed or seized by federal troops, ________ was heavily significant to the nations wealth in the south- went down from 30 % to 12 %.

S.

Scalawags or White southern republicans were hated by the ________ democrats who considered them traitors.

Greeley

________ carried only six southern states and none in the North.

White Southerners

________ used terror, intimidation, and Violence to suppress black efforts to gain social and economic equality.

Johnson

________ hated the white- southern elite and the idea of racial equality and had a weakness for liquor.

Johnsons restoration Plan

________ included the appointment of a unionist as provisional gov in each southern state, a position w the authority to call a convention of men elected by loyal (that is, not confederate) voters.

Andrew Johnson

________ of Tennessee, a pro- union Democrat who had been added to the national union ticket in 1864 only to help Lincoln win reelection.

Republican political control

________ ended in Virginia and Tennessee as early as 1869; in Georgia and North Carolina, it collapsed in 1870, although North Carolina had a Republican governor until 1876.

S Grant

Ulysses ________- general in chief of the US Army reported that the mistaken belief among freed slaves was interfering with their willingness to sign labor contracts.

Public Credit Act

On March 18, 1869, he (President Grant) signed the ________, which said that the investors who purchased government bonds to help finance the war effort must be paid back in gold.

Klan

The ________, and other groups like it, began initially as a social club, with costumes and secret rituals.

Tenure of Office act Required

________ senate permission for the president to remove any fed official whose appointment the senate had confirmed This was to prevent Johnson from firing Secretary Of War Edwin Stanton- Johnsons most outstanding critic in the cabinet.

hundreds of African Americans

Summer of 1866- Rampaging white mobs in the south murdered /wounded ________ during the Race Riots in Memphis and New Orleans.

amendment Prohibit

15th ________ states from denying any man the vote on grounds of race, color, previous condition of servitude.

Black Marriages

________ were recognized but African Americans could not vote, serve on a jury, testify against whites, or attend public schools, own farmland in Mississippi, or city property in S. Carolina, own guns in Alabama, In Mississippi, every black male over 18 had to be apprenticed to a white.

name Ku Klux

The ________ was derived from the Greek word kuklos, meaning "circle "or "band ..

Public Credit Act

The ________ led to a decline in consumer prices that hurt debtors and helped creditors.

Civil War

Greenbacks (so- called because of the dye color used on the printed dollars) were issued during the ________ to help pay for the war.

Civil War

Prior to the ________, the economy operated on a gold standard; state banks issued paper money that could be exchanged for an equal value of gold coins.