Chapter 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

Naturalistic observations

________ and surveys tend to show that a specific trait and /or behavior often coincides with another trait /behavior.

Replication

________:** repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced.

independent variables

Experiment:** a research method in which an investigzator manipulates one or more factors (the ________) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable)

Illusory Correlation

________:** perceiving a relationship where none exists, or perceiving a stronger- then- actual relationship.

Random assignment

________ allows researchers to minimize the possibilities of preexisting conditions between the different groups.

Hypotheses

________:** a testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

meta analysis

A(n) ________ is an important tool in medical and psychological sciences.

human trials

ALlowing reasearch to be done on animals can help develop and study reactions to different types of treatments before ________.

Scatterplot

________:** a graphed cluster of dots, each representing the values of two different variables.

artificial settings

The principles of the visual system that researchers apply to more complex behaviors that have been developed through many experiments created in ________.

Operational Definition

________:** a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study.

Correlation Coefficient

________:** a statistical indeed of the relationship between two things (from- 1.00 to +1.00)

Independent Variable

________:** in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied.

Naturalistic Observation

________:** A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.