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Mastaba
Tomb for nobility/members of the royalty
Rectangular in plan and has a flat roof with sloping sides
Pantheon Rome, Italy
World's largest unreinforced concrete dome.
It served as a temple, church, and tomb for the past centuries.
Architect: Apollodorus of Damascus
Temple of Rameses II Abu Simbel, New Kingdom
An example of a Rock-cut Tomb
Has four seated statues of Ramses II at its entrance
Bent Pyramid of Seneferu Dahshur, Egypt
Known as a "Blunt or False Pyramid"
Height: 105 meters
Angle at bottom section: 45 degrees Angle at top half: 43 degrees
Pyramids of Giza Giza, Egypt
Known as "True Pyramids"
3 Major Buildings:
Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) Pyramid of Khafre (Chefren) Pyramid of Menkaure (Mykerinos)
Androsphinx
Mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion.
Heiracosphinx
Mythical creature with the head of a falcon and the body of a lion.
Criosphinx
Mythical creature with the head of a ram and the body of a lion.
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut Deir El-Bahari, Egypt
Also known as "Djeser-Djeseru" (Holy of Holies)
Architect: Senenmut
Temple at Karnak Luxor, Egypt
"Grandest of all Temples"
Built for God Amun-Re
Theater of Dionysus
"Prototype of all greek theaters"
Stepped Pyramid of Zoser Saqquara, Egypt
Architect Imhotep (1st recorded architect)
Height: 62 meters
Theater of Epidauros
Most beautiful and best preserved Greek theater
Designed by: Polycleitos
Dolmen
A prehistoric monument consisting of two or more large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab or capstone.
Menhir
A prehistoric monument consisting of a single, upright stone
Acropolis
Ancient citadel located on a limestone hill above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several Greek ancient buildings
Erectheion Acropolis of Athens, Greece
Has the famous "Porch of the Maidens" with six draped female figures (caryatids) as supporting columns.
Architect: Mnesicles
Basilica Di San Vitale Ravenna, Italy
Considered a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture
Its octagonal structure is made of marble and capped by a lofty terracotta dome.
Baptistry of Constantine Rome, Italy
Among the oldest of italian Baptisteries
Hagia Sophia Constantinople (Instanbul, Turkey)
Known for its central dome on pendentives
Architects: Isodorus of Miletus and Anthemios of Tralles
Durham Cathedral Durham, England
Largest and finest example of Norman architecture in England
Style: Romanesque (Norman)
Worms Cathedral Worms, Germany
The representative cathedral of the Romanesque period.
Style: Romanesque (Norman)
Loarre Castle Huesca, Spain
Best conserved Romanesque castle in Europe
Style: Romanesque
Stoclet Palace Brussels, Belgium
Architect: Josef Hoffman Style: Art Nouveau
Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany
Largest church in Germany
Architects: Ernst Friedrich Zwirner & Richard Voigtel
Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France
Tallest Gothic Cathedral in France
Architects: Robert of Luzarches Thomas & Regnault de Cormont Style: Gothic
Reims Cathedral Reims, France
"Queen of the French Cathedrals" Coronation church of the french kings
Architect: Jean D' Orbais Style: Gothic
St. Basil's Cathedral Moscow, Russia
Commemorates the capture of Kazan and Astrakhan
Architects: Postnik Yakovlev & Ivan Barma
Notre Dame Cathedral Paris, France
Finest and Most Characteristic French Cathedral
Architect: Jean de Chelles Style: Gothic
Beauvais Cathedral Beauvais, France
Has the highest nave in Europe and three tiers of flying buttresses
Architects: Enguerrand De Riche & Martin Chambiges Style: Gothic
St. Mark's Basilica Venice, Italy
Best known example of Italo-Byzantine Architecture. Has Greek Cross Plan and a ceiling covered with golden mosaics.
Piazza del Miracolli (Piazza del Duomo) Pisa, Italy
One of the finest architectural complexes in the world.
Architect: Busheto Style: Romanesque
Little Metropolis Church Athens, Greece
Smallest cathedral in the Byzantine period
Grundtvig's Church Copenhagen, Denmark
Architect: Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint Style: Modern-Expressionist
Temple of Athena Nike Acropolis of Athens, Greece
Built in honor of Athena Nike Earliest fully Ionic temple in the Acropolis
Architect: Callicrates
Temple of Artemis Ephesus (Turkey)
First Greek temple to be made entirely of marble and one of the largest Greek temples ever built.
Architect: Chersiphron
Arch of Constantine Rome, Italy
Largest Roman Triumphal Arch Built to commemorate Constantine's Victory over Maxentius at the battle of Milvian Bridge
Arch of Titus, Rome
Built to commemorate Capture of Jerusalem and became the symbol of Jerusalem and became the symbol of Jewish Diaspora Constructed by Emperor Domitah for the death and victory of his brother, Titus
Casa Mila "La Pedrera" Barcelona, Spain
Architect: Antoni Gaudi Style: Art Nouveau
Palau Guell Barcelona, Spain
Architect: Antoni Gaudi Style: Art Nouveau
Ulm Minster Ulm, Germany
Tallest church in the world
Architects: Ulrich Ensigen Matthaus Boblinger Burkhard Engelberg Konrad Heinzelmann Style: Gothic
Casa Batllo Barcelona, Spain
Architect: Antoni Gaudi Style: Art Nouveau
Tassel House Brussels, Belgium
Architect: Victor Horta Style: Art Nouveau
Maison du Peuple Brussels, Belgium
Architect: Victor Horta Style: Art Nouveau
Pantheon Paris, France
Architect: Jacques Germain Soufflot Style: Neoclassical
U.S. Capitol Building Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.
Architect: Bartolomeo Rastrelli Style: Neoclassical
Catherine Palace St. Petersburg, Russia
One of the largest palaces in St. Petersberg and was occupied by the Russian tsars as their summer residence.
Architect: Bartolomeo Rastrelli Style: Rococo
Glasglow Art School Glasglow, Scotland
Architect: Charles Rennie Mackintosch Style: Art Nouveau
Houses of Parliament London, England
Architect: Barry Charles Style: Gothic Revival
Parthenon Acropolis of Athens, Greece
Built in honor of Athena (patron goddess of Athens)
Architects: Ictinusand Callicrates
MIlan Cathedral Milan, Lombardy, Italy
Largest church in Italy. Second largest in the world
Architect: Simone De Arsenigo Style: Gothic
Arch of Septimius Severus Forum Romanum, Rome
Built in commemorate Parthian Victories Stands on the Via Sacra in the Forum Romanum of Rome
Tower of Babel
Ziggurat with 7 tiers covered in glazed tiles built by King Nebuchadnezzar II to "rival heaven"
Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers Bavaria, Germany
Architect: Balthasar Neumann Style: Baroque-Rococo
Succession House Vienna, Austria
Architect: Joseph Olbrich Style: Art Nouveau
Ruggeri House Pesaro, Italy
Architect: Giuseppe Brega Style: Art Nouveau
Palace of Versailles Versailles, France
Most famous royal chateau in France
Architects: Louis Le Vau & Jules Hardouin Mansart Style: Baroque
Santiago de Compostela Cathedral Galicia, Spain
Architects: Maestro Esteban Bernard the Elder Robertus Galperinus Bernard the Younger Style: Baroque
Sant Andrea al Quirinale Rome, Italy
Architect: Gianlorenzo Bernini Style: Baroque
Monticello Charlottesville, USA
Architect: Thomas Jefferson Style: Neoclassical
Trullo
A traditional rendered stone dwelling in Apulia, southern Italy, in which square chambers are roofed with conical vaulted roofs.
Hogan house
A Navaho Indian dwelling made of earth and logs, covered with mud and sand.
Igloo
Eskimo house made of snow or ice
Tipi
Portable Indian Shelter made of animal skins upon wooden poles
Clochan / Beehive Hut
Stone beehive-shape hut with corbelled roof
Lancette
First Phase of French Gothic
Characteristics: Pointed Arch and Geometric Tracery
Rayonnant
Second Phase of French Gothic
Characteristics: Circular windows with radiating lines of tracery
Flamboyant
Second Phase of French Gothic
Characteristics: Flamelike Tracery & Intricate Detailing
Altes Museum Berlin, Germany
Architect: Carl Friedrich Schinkel Style: Neoclassical
Seville Cathedral Seville, Spain
Largest Gothic church in the world & the Third largest church in Europe
Architects: Alonso Martinez Pedro Dancart Carles Galtes De Ruan Alonso Rodriguez Style: Gothic
Trinity Church New York, USA
Architect: Richard Upjohn Style: Gothic Revival
Radcliffe Camera Oxford University, England
Architect: James Gibbs Style: Neoclassical
Muqarnas
"Stalactite" decoration of icicle-like elements hanging from the ceiling.
Tumulus / Barrow
Artificial earth mound over an ancient grave
Rock Caves
Earliest form of human settlement
Cromlech
Circular arrangement of stones/megaliths Best example: Stonehenge in Salisbury, England
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
A terraced royal palace with lush gardens that were irrigated by water pump from the Euphrates One of 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
Wigwam
An American Indian dwelling, usually of rounded or oval shape, formed of poles overlaid with bark, mats, or skins.
Paris Metropolitan Station Paris, France
Architect: Hector Guimard Style: Art Nouveau
Royal Pavilion Brighton, England
Architect: Josh Nash Style: Romanticism Far Eastern Revival (Indian Gothic)
St. Peter's Basilica Vatican, Rome
Largest Christian church in the world and the most important building in Christendom
Architects: Donato Bramante Raphael Michelangelo Buonarroti Carlo Maderno Style: Late Renaissance
Santa Maria Novella Florence, Italy
The first great basilica in Florence Architect: Leon Battista Alberti Style: Early Renaissance
Farnese Palace Florence, Italy
Most important 16th century palace in Rome
Architects: Antonio de Sangallo The Younger Michelangelo Style: High Renaissance
Sagrada Familia Barcelona, Spain
Has three facades: Nativity Facade Passion Facade Glory Facade
Architect: Antoni Gaudi Style: Art Nouveau
Ishtar Gate
The 8th gate to the Inner CIty of Babylon Decorated with glazed blue bricks that depicted alternating rows of dragons and bulls
Built by: King Nebuchadnezzar II
Ziggurat of Ur Tell El-Muqayyar, Iraq
A massive stepped structure/temple dedicated to the moon god, Nanna
Built by the Sumerian ruler, Ur Nammu
Dur-Sharrukin / Palace of Sargon
Squarish parallelogram city with 3 parts: Seraglio - palace proper Haram - private chamber Khan - service chamber
Chartes Cathedral Chartes, France
Known for its 176 stained-glass windows and the famous relic, Sancta Camisa Style: Gothic
Siena Cathedral Siena, Tuscany, Italy
Constructed of white and greenish-black marble in alternating stripes.
Architects: Giovanni Di Agostino Giovanni Pisano Camaino Di Crescentino Style: Gothic
Villa Rotonda Vicenza, Italy
Palladio's most famous villa. It has a central plan, with four identical facades and projecting porches
Architect: Andrea Palladio Style: Late Renaissance
Winchester Cathedral Wichester, Hampsphire
Has the longest nave and overall length of any cathedral in Europe Style: Gothic
Florence Cathedral "Santa Maria Del Fiore" Florence, Italy
Has the largest masonry dome in the world
Architects: Arnolfo Di Cambio Filippo Brunelleschi (Dome) Emilio de Fabris (Facade) Style: Gothic
Tempietto of San Pietro Montorio, Rome
Designed to mark the spot of St. Peter's crucifixion On of the most harmonious buildings of the Renaissance
Architect: Donato Bramante Style: High Renaissance
St. Paul's Cathedral London, England
Has the second biggest dome in the world
Architect: Christopher Wren Style: Baroque
Santa Maria Della Pace Rome, Italy
Architect: Pietro De Cortona Style: Baroque
Palazzo Rucellai FLorence, Italy
Architect: Leon Battista Alberti Style: Early Renaissance
Capitoline Hill Rome, Italy
Architect: Michelangelo Buonarroti Style: Renaissance
Strawberry Hill
Architect: Horace Walpole Style: Gothic Revival
Blenheim Palace Woodstock, England
Architect: John Vanbrugh Style: Baroque
Chiswick House London, England
Architects: Lord Burlington William Kent Style: Palladian Revival
