Chapter 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression

Ras

________ sends the signal to four different protein kinases.

biological reaction

The ________ at the pathway's end is the production of a protein that activates the cell cycle (as shown in the image attached below, Figure 18.24a)

human host

If the ________ consumes a tryptophan- rich meal later, the bacterial cell stops proliferating.

transcription factor

The final kinase activates 5 a(n) ________ (activator) that switches on one or more genes for 6 a protein that promotes cell cycle progression.

growth factor

A(n) ________ attaches to its receptor in the plasma membrane, activating the usual route.

tumor suppressor

The p53 gene is a(n) ________ gene called after the 53, 000- dalton molecular weight of its protein product.

DNA damage

When the gene is triggered, such as by ________, the p53 protein acts as an activator for numerous other genes.

p53 gene

Elephants contain 20 copies of the ________, compared to one copy in humans, other animals, and even manatees, elephants 'closest living relatives, according to genome sequencing.

particular transcription factor

It encodes a(n) ________ that stimulates the production of cell cycle- inhibitory proteins.

Cell cycle

________- stimulating mechanism in both normal and mutant cells.

intracellular signal

A(n) ________ triggers the production of a protein that inhibits the cell cycle.

cell division

(B) Excessive ________ and cancer may occur from a mutation that renders Ras or any other pathway component excessively active.

G proteins

Ras, like all ________, becomes active when GTP binds to it.