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Ras
________ sends the signal to four different protein kinases.
biological reaction
The ________ at the pathway's end is the production of a protein that activates the cell cycle (as shown in the image attached below, Figure 18.24a)
human host
If the ________ consumes a tryptophan- rich meal later, the bacterial cell stops proliferating.
transcription factor
The final kinase activates 5 a(n) ________ (activator) that switches on one or more genes for 6 a protein that promotes cell cycle progression.
growth factor
A(n) ________ attaches to its receptor in the plasma membrane, activating the usual route.
tumor suppressor
The p53 gene is a(n) ________ gene called after the 53, 000- dalton molecular weight of its protein product.
DNA damage
When the gene is triggered, such as by ________, the p53 protein acts as an activator for numerous other genes.
p53 gene
Elephants contain 20 copies of the ________, compared to one copy in humans, other animals, and even manatees, elephants 'closest living relatives, according to genome sequencing.
particular transcription factor
It encodes a(n) ________ that stimulates the production of cell cycle- inhibitory proteins.
Cell cycle
________- stimulating mechanism in both normal and mutant cells.
intracellular signal
A(n) ________ triggers the production of a protein that inhibits the cell cycle.
cell division
(B) Excessive ________ and cancer may occur from a mutation that renders Ras or any other pathway component excessively active.
G proteins
Ras, like all ________, becomes active when GTP binds to it.
