diagrams

1. transverse plane
2. Frontal ( coronal) plane
3. median ( midsagittal)

anatomical planes
1.
2.
3

1. nucleus
2. cytoplasm
3. plasma membrane

Cell diagram
1.
2.
3.

1. tight junctions
2. desmosome
3. tight junctions

1.
2.
3.

simple columnar epithelium

Made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells

simple cuboidal

single layer of cube shaped cells

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract

straified squamous

thick membrane
protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

Transitions striated

shapes of cells that sketch lines organ of the urinary system

articular capsule

sleevelike structure around a synovical joint composed of a fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

this is called

synovial membrane

membrane lining the capsule of a joint

joint cavity

contains synovial fluid is called

stratum basale

deepest layer of epidermis

stratum spinosum

a layer of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin
is called

stratum granulosum (granular layer)

Layer of epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin; replaces cells shed from stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum (clear layer)

Only in thick skin
Thin, translucent band superficial to the stratum granulosum
A few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes

stratum corneum

outermost layer of epidermis

arrector pili muscle

An involuntary muscle fiber attached to the underside & base of the hair follicle

Meissner's corpuscles

sensitive touch receptors in the dermis

eccrine sweat glands

found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead

Melanocytes

cells that produce melanin

hair follicle

sac within which each hair grows

irregular bones

bones of the vertebrae and face

flat bones

bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull

Central (Haversian) Canal

opening in the center of an osteon, carries blood vessels and nerves

Canaliculus/canaliculi

tiny canals radiating outward from central canal

Axis (C2)

second cervical vertebrae

Atlas (C1)

supports the head

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

lambdoid suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

squamous suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit

ethmoid bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

lacrimal bone

small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts

Zygomatic bone

cheek bone

Transverse process of vertebra

forms joint with ribs in thoracic region, site for muscle attachment in lumbar region

spinous process

sharp, slender projection

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

costochondral joint

where the cartilage meets the rib

sternoclavicular joint

Articulation between the clavicle and the sternum

Acromion

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.

coracoid process

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

glenoid cavity

socket in scapular that receives head of humerus

acrominoclavicular joint

the area where the clavicle and scapula connect

glenoid fossa of scapula

articulates with the head of the humerus

lesser tubercle

insertion of subscapularis muscle

greater tubercle

Large lateral prominence; site of the attachment of rotator cuff muscles

radial fossa of humerus

anterior depression that receives the radial head with flexed forearm

trochlear notch

articulates with trochlea of humerus

proximal radioulnar joint

head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna

radial tuberosity

Name this specific part of the radius.

interosseous membrane

connects the tibia and fibula

syloid process of radius

insertion of brachioradialis

distal radioulnar joint

head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of radius

styloid process of ulna

Name the structure.

coronoid fossa

anterior depression that receives the coronoid process of the ulna during forearm flexion

illiac crest

the upper curved edge of the ilium; has anterior (anterior iliac spine) and posterior projections

intercondylar eminence

irregular projection located between the two condyles

closes and protrudes lips is called the

orbicularis oris

compresses cheek ( as in sucking), holds food between teeth during chewing. THis is called

buccinator

blinks and closes eyes, squints and winks

orbicularis oculi

extends from the corner of the mouth to the cheekbone

zygomaticus

PULLS THE CORNERS OF THE MOUTH INFERIORLY
PRODUCING A DONWARD SAF OF THE MOUTH

temporalis

Frontalis

muscle of the forehead that moves the forehead skin and eyebrows

cranial aponeurosis

connects frontalis and occipitalis

rectus abdominis

this type of muscle is called the

transversus abdominis

compresses abdomen, this is called the

internal oblique

tenses abdominal wall and compresses abdominal contents. this is called

External onlique

flex and rotate vertebral column, this is called

Brachialis

flexes forearm at elbow, this is called the

Brachioradialis

flexes forearm

biceps brachii

Flexes and supinates forearm

gluteus maximus

extends thigh

gluteus medius

abducts and medially rotates thigh

felxor carpi radialis

flexes and abducts wrist

trieps brachii

insertions: olecranon of ulna

origin: shoulder girdle and proximal numerus

functions: extend elbow

felxor carpi radialis

Origins: distal humerus

insertions: second and third metacarpals

functions: flexes wrist and abducts hands

flexor digitorum superficialis

Orgin: distal humerus, ulna and radius

insertions: middle phalanges of second fifth finger

functions: flexes wrist and finger

gluteus maximus

Functions: extends hip, abducts thigh; steadies pelvis during walking and flex knee and extend hip

insertions: proximal femur

origin: sacrum and ilium

pectoralis major

Adducts and flexes humerus

unipennate muscle

all the muscle fibers are on the same side of the tendon

extensor digitorum longus

extends toes and dorsiflexes foot

multipennate muscle

forms an angle with a tendon; do not move as far as parallel; contains more myofibrils than parallel muscles; develop more tension than parallel muscles; tendon branches within the muscle; ex: deltoid

Bipennate

rectus femoris

Gastrocnemius

Calf muscle

gluteal group muscles

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Sartorius

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at the hip; flexes knee

Soleus

plantar flexes foot

Illiopsoas

flexes hip

serratus anterior

pulls scapula anteriorly and downward

multifidus muscle

stabilizes lower thoracic and lumbar region of vertebral column

longissimus capitis

extends and rotates head

semispinalis capitis

extends head, bends head to one side, or rotates head

Flexion

bending a joint

extension

Straightening of a joint

Rotation

CIRCULAR MOVEMENT AROUND AN AXIS

circumduction movement

moving the joint in a circular manner

Inversion

turning inward

plantar flexion

bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground

Dosiflexion

bending of the foot or the toes upward