Chapter 7: Cognition, Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

normal curve

Gifted**: the 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the ________ and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above.

higher pitched

Child Directed Speech**: the way adults and older children talk to infants and very young children, with ________, repetitious, sing- song speech patterns.

Emotional

________ Intelligence**: the awareness of and ability to manage ones own emotions to facilitate thinking and attain goals, as well as the ability to understand emotions in others.

Prototype

________**: an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of the concept.

Semantics

________**: the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.

Problem Solving

________**: process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways.

process of cognition

Decision Making**: ________ that involves identifying, evaluating, and choosing among several alternatives.

particular category

Representativeness Heuristic**: assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with the members of a(n) ________ is also a member of that category.

standard deviation

Deviation IQ Scores**: a type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a(n) ________ of about 15.

Availability Heuristic

________**: estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples.

genetic influences

Heritability**: degree to which the changes in some trait within a population can be considered to be due to ________; the extent individual genetic differences affect individual differences in observed behavior; in IQ, proportion of change in IQ within a population that is caused by hereditary factors.

G Factor

________**: the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.