58.5 Food Webs and Energy Flow

Producers

________ lose most of their energy as heat.

Consumers

________ leave the hard wood or energy- rich bones behind.

Plants

________ are placed at the bottom of the food web, the herbivores are placed on the next level, and the carnivores are above them.

chain length

The ________ is two if a lion feeds on a zebra and a zebra feeds on different species.

Microorganisms

________ have high production efficiency.

principles of island biogeography

The ________ have been applied to wild life preserves, which are essentially islands in a sea of developed land.

efficiency of consum ers

The ________ is evaluated by ecologists in two ways: production efficiency and trophic- level transfer efficiency.

species

What is fed by more than one ________? Answer with a single words or term.

animal energy

What is used in maintenance and is lost as heat? Answer with a single words or term.

Different species

________ occupy different trophic levels.

Consumers

________ can get energy in different ways.