Spine, Ribs, Skull, Shoulder, Hand, and Arms

Spine: Vertebral Column

supports the skull

How many curves should be in the spine

four curves

primary curves of the spine

curve in ( cervical and lumbar)

how/when do primary curves form

form when a baby lifts its head

over exaggerating of curves can lead to....

injury

Secondary curves

Curve out ( Thoracic and Sacral)

how/when do secondary curves form?

form when babies are learning to walk

what does the spine give attachment to?

pelvic girdle ( pelvis/hips)

Discs in the spine

hard cartilage

the adult spine has how many vertebrae

24

vertebrae

surround and protect the spinal cord and nerves

what do discs act as, in between vertebrae

acts as a pillow ( barrier so bone isn't grinding against bone)

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7 (C1-C7)

C-1

1st vertebrae called Atlas

what does Atlas do?

holds up and articulates the skull

Where does Atlas lie?

Behind the eyes in the skull

C-2

2nd Vertebrae called Axis

What does (C-2) Axis do?

assists in the rotation of the head from side to side

C-7

7th Vertebrae

7th Vertebrae

largest cervical and usually protrude and can be felt at the base of the neck

Thoracic Vertebrae

T1-T12; second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

What do the thoracic vertebrae do?

They hold the ribs in place and strengthens the ribcage

Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)

largest of the vertebrae, bears much of the body's weight from gravity

Sacrum Vertebrae

5 fused vertebrae ( fuses between puberty and age 30)

coccyx vertebrae

4 fused vertebrae ( tail bone)

ribcage

provides protection for internal cartilage including heart and lungs

True ribs (1-7)

have a direct attachment to the sternum via cartilage

false ribs (8-10)

connect together as one piece

(11-12) floating ribs

do not attach to sternum

Coastal Cartilage of Ribs

flexible and resilient part of ribs, attaches to the sternums, allows the ribcage to lift and expand as air travels into the lungs

Sternum

breastbone ( ribs attach to the sternum)

How many parts are there in the sternum?

3 parts

How many bones are in the skull

29

Zygomatic bone

cheek bone and side of eye socket

Maxilla

upper jaw bone

Mandible

lower jaw bone

skull

protects brain from minor injury

shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint)

ball and socket joint

shoulder consists of how many bones

3

what are the three bones in the shoulder

clavicle, scapula, humerus

Clavicle

collar bone

scapula

shoulder joint

Humerus

upper arm bone

How many scapulas does a body have?

two, one on each side ( sit on top of the ribs)

Radius

shorter bone of the lower arm

where does the radius lie?

the same side as the thumb ( think of the radio situation)

what does the radius rotate around?

the ulna

Ulna

longer bone of the lower arm

Where does the ulna lie?

on the pinkie side

elbow

hinge joint

what is the elbow formed by?

the ulna and humerus bones

Metacarpals

5 bones ( one in each finger, like metatarsals) 1 - 5 ( pinkie finger

2nd metacarpal

longest of the metacarpals, but least mobile

1st metacarpal

thumb ( thickest and shortest of the metacarpals)

3-5th Metacarpals

articulate with only one carpal

How many phalanges are in the hand

14 ( two in thumb, three in every other finger)

Distal phalanges

farthest from the body

Proximal phalanges of the hands

closest to the body

How many carpal bones are in the hand?

8

How many bones are in the hand?

27 ( 8 carpal, 5 metacarpal, 14 phalanges)