Chapter 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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Chemistry

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11 Terms

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Carbohydrate macromolecules
________ are polymers known as polysaccharides that are made up of numerous sugar component units.
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Hexoses
________ are glucose, fructose, and other sugars with six carbons.
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H
When a bond develops between two monomers, each monomer contributes a portion of the water molecule produced during the reaction: one monomer contributes a hydroxyl group (OH), while the other contributes hydrogen (________)
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Disaccharides
________ are double sugars made up of two monosaccharides linked together by a covalent connection.
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Hydrolysis
________ is the fracturing of water (from the Greek hydro, water, lysis, break)
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central importance
Glucose (C6H12O6), the most common monosaccharide, is of ________ in the chemistry of life.
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Large biological molecules
________, including water and simple organic compounds, show distinctive emergent characteristics due to the ordered arrangement of their atoms.
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smaller molecules
The repeating units that act as polymer building blocks are ________ known as monomers (from the Greek monos, which means "single)
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asymmetric carbon
(An ________ is one that is linked to four distinct atoms or groups of atoms .)
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meros
Polymers (from the Greek polys, many, and ________, portion) are chainlike compounds that include large carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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lengthy molecule
A polymer is a(n) ________ made up of numerous similar or identical building pieces connected together by covalent bonds, similar to how a railway is made up of a chain of cars.