Chapter 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Carbohydrate macromolecules

Carbohydrate macromolecules

________ are polymers known as polysaccharides that are made up of numerous sugar component units.

Hexoses

________ are glucose, fructose, and other sugars with six carbons.

H

When a bond develops between two monomers, each monomer contributes a portion of the water molecule produced during the reaction: one monomer contributes a hydroxyl group (OH), while the other contributes hydrogen (________)

Disaccharides

________ are double sugars made up of two monosaccharides linked together by a covalent connection.

Hydrolysis

________ is the fracturing of water (from the Greek hydro, water, lysis, break)

central importance

Glucose (C6H12O6), the most common monosaccharide, is of ________ in the chemistry of life.

Large biological molecules

________, including water and simple organic compounds, show distinctive emergent characteristics due to the ordered arrangement of their atoms.

smaller molecules

The repeating units that act as polymer building blocks are ________ known as monomers (from the Greek monos, which means "single)

asymmetric carbon

(An ________ is one that is linked to four distinct atoms or groups of atoms .)

meros

Polymers (from the Greek polys, many, and ________, portion) are chainlike compounds that include large carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

lengthy molecule

A polymer is a(n) ________ made up of numerous similar or identical building pieces connected together by covalent bonds, similar to how a railway is made up of a chain of cars.