The Reformation

The Reformation

  • It all started with…

    • Johann Tetzel

    • Tricked people into giving money to the church.

    • He sold indulgences to raise money to build a new church in Rome.

    • Indulgence: A payment to the Catholic Church that grants a release from punishment from all sins.

  • One man thought Tetzel went too far…

    • Martin Luther (Reformer)

    • German monk.

    • He did not agree with the teachings of the Church or the selling of indulgences.

    • He issued an official criticism (written document challenging the Church.)

    • He featured 95 arguments.

    • He posted his 95 theses on the church door at Wittenberg, Germany.

    • Other Issues:

      • Salvation people could receive salvation through faith alone, not just actions

      • Role of priests nothing more than an officeholder. Anyone can perform church rituals.

      • Role of pope and Bible Bible is true authority. People could disobey the Pope if he doesn't speak from the Bible.

    • Because of his 'crimes' he was excommunicated from the church in 1521.

    • The Success of Luther

      • Germans were attracted to Luther's teachings.

      • The poor liked the message of equality.

    • Lutheranism

      • Movement where peasants revolted against the church.

      • Peace of Augsburg: gave Lutherans right to practice their own religion.

    • Other Leaders of the Reformation

      • People who had voices stepped up too.

      • Known as the Reformation.

  • The Reformation spreads to Switzerland and Scandinavia:

    • Both areas begin to open churches and the churches became known as Prostestant.

    • Christians who separated from the Catholic Church were known as Protestant.

  • Protestan Practices

    • Leaders = ministers

    • Conducted services in the language of the area instead of in Latin

    • Spent more time teaching from the Bible

    • Some churches wanted to completely break free of Catholic rituals

  • Catholic Practices

    • Church leaders were called priests.

    • Conducted services in Latin.

  • A King becomes part of the Reformation…

    • In 1531, King Henry VIII was expelled from the Roman Catholic Church.

  • King Henry VIII…

    • King of England 

    • Wanted a male child to inherit his throne

    • Catherine, his wife, only gave him a daughter.

    • He needed the Church to officially end his marriage.

    • Church refused and Henry attacked.

    • In 1534, Henry broke from the Catholic Church and made a new church, Anglican church or Church of England

    • Passed the Act of Supremacy, which made himself the head of the Church of England.

    • First Wife: Catherine of Aragon

      • She had a baby girl named Mary. She later became queen of england.

    • Second Wife: Anne Boelyn

      • Baby girl named Elizabeth (Queen Elizabeth I)

    • Third Seymour:

      • Baby boy named Edward

      • Jane died shortly after giving birth

  • Bloody Mary

    • After Henry VIII died, his son Edward took the throne at 9 years old.

    • Edward embarrassed his sister Mary in front of a large party because she continued to practice Catholicism.

    • Edward died at 15. in his will, he took Elizabeth and Mary out of succession and a distant cousin took the throne. 

    • Mary burned at the stake for 'crime' of being Protestant.

    • Mary died and Elizabeth took the throne.

  • Elizabeth I:

    • Ended Pope's authority in the English Church.

    • Elizabeth and Parliament decided that the Church should be Protestant. However, the Church would keep some of the Catholic features. 

  • Reforms in R.C.C

    • carried out its own reforms

    • regained strength

    • established the society of jesus, jesuits worked hard to educate people and spread faith

    • called for the Council of Trent which focused on religion and spirituality