14.5 Amines

14.5 Amines

  • Draw the line-angle formulas for the products.
  • The products from acid and base hydrolysis of esters can be drawn from the structural or line-angle products.
  • Nitrogen is contained in amines and amides.
    • Many nitrogen- containing compounds are important to life.
    • Many amines have strong activity in the body and are used in medicine.
    • Dopamine, HERS1, and amphetamine are examples.
    • Coffee, nicotine, cocaine, and digitalis are naturally occurring amines obtained from plants.
  • One hydrogen atom in ammonia is replaced by a methyl group.
    • The bonding of two groups gives dimethylamine, and the three groups in trimethylamine replace all the hydrogen atoms in ammonia.
  • When the alkyl groups are not branched, the common names of amines are used.
    • The alkyl groups are listed in chronological order.
  • Amines are classified by the number of carbon atoms in the nitrogen atom.
    • The nitrogen atom is attached to one alkyl group in a primary amine.
    • The nitrogen atom is attached to two alkyl groups in a secondary amine.
  • The N atom has one or more carbon atoms.
  • We can draw line-angle formulas for amines.
    • The hydrogen atoms are shown in the formula for an amine.
  • The alkyl name followed.
  • indigo is a dye that gives color to wool, cotton, and silk fibers, as well as blue jeans.
    • It is also used in the synthesis of pain medication.
  • The nitrogen atom has one ethyl group attached to it.
  • The name of the amine is ethyldimethylamine and it has two groups attached to the nitrogen atom.
  • Define the line-angle formula for methylpropylamine as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
  • amphetamines, also known as "uppers", cause blood vessels in the central nervous system to dilate and increase the permeability of the cells in response to allergic reactions.
    • They increase cardiovascular activity and depress the appetite.
  • diphenhydramine helps block the effects of histamine.
  • In "fight-or-flight" situations, the blood Histamine cose level is raised and the blood is moved to the muscles.
  • Parkinson's disease is caused by a deficiency in dopamine.
  • They can bring about weight loss, but they can also have side effects.
    • Chemical dependency can be caused by methedrine.
    • Benzedrine can be taken to group on the nitrogen atom.
  • They form hydrogen bonds with water.
    • NH2 can form more hydrogen bonds.
  • A tertiary amine with no hydrogen on the nitrogen atom can form hydrogen bonds with water from the N atom in the amine to the H of a water molecule.
    • Like alcohols, the smaller amines form hydrogen bonds with water.
    • The effect of hydrogen bonding is diminished in amine with more than six carbon atoms.
  • Primary amines form the most and tertiary amines form the least.
  • Ammonia is a Bronsted-Lowry base because it accepts H+ from water to make an Ammonium ion.
  • The only electron pair on the nitrogen atom that accepts a hydrogen ion from water is amines.
  • Lemon juice has CH3 NH2 + OH acid in it.
  • Lemon juice can remove the "fishy" odor from fish by converting amines to their salts.
    • There is only one pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and no water.
    • A negative ion is followed by the alkylammonium ion name of the salt.
  • Ammonium salts have strong attractions between the anion and the positively charged ammonium ion.
    • Ammonium salts are odorless andsoluble in water and body fluids.
    • Amines are converted to their salts for this reason.
    • The salt of ephedrine is used as a bronchodilator.
  • The name of the ammonium salt of diphenhydramine is followed by the name of the acid, which is used in Benadryl for relief of itching and pain from skin irritations.
  • The free amine or free base is when an amine reacts with a strong base such as NaOH.
    • NH2 + NaCl + H2O Cocaine can be obtained from coca leaves using an acidic HCl solution to give a white, solid ammonium salt.
    • It is the salt of cocaine that is used on the street.
    • "crack cocaine" is a solid product that makes a crackling noise when heated.
    • Crack cocaine is more addictive than the free amine because of the rapid absorption of the free amine.
  • Coca leaves are used to make cocaine.
  • In water, ethylamine acts as a weak base by accepting a hydrogen ion from water.
  • In a reaction with an acid, ethylamine acts as a weak base by accepting a hydrogen ion from HCl.
  • Draw the structure of the salt formed by trimethylamine and HCl.
  • Plants produced by M14_TIMB8860_13_GE_C14.indd.
  • Many of the drugs are habit forming.
  • The oriental poppy plant's alkaloids have been used as effective painkillers for hundreds of years.
    • Codeine is used in some prescription painkillers and cough syrups.
    • Heroin is not used medically and is a strong addicting drug.
    • The structure of the drug is similar to heroin.
  • The effects of H abuse are similar to those of heroin.
  • Nicotine causes pleasure centers in the brain to be activated.
  • It is a central nervous system senhancement.
  • To counteract the effects of an antihistamine.
  • Coffee, tea, energy drinks, and chocolate contain caffeine.
  • A number of alkaloids are used in medicine.
    • Quinine, obtained from the bark seed capsule, has been used in the treatment of Malaria since 1600s.
    • Atropine from nightshade is used in low concentrations of the alkaloids morphine and to accelerate slow heart rates.