11.1 Organic Compounds

11.1 Organic Compounds

• Try Practice Problems 11 to 11.6 carbon atom in ethane have the same shape as methane.

• Draw the line-angle and structural formulas for alkanes from the IUPAC names.

• Most of the compounds in the world are organic.
• The strength of C allows carbon atoms to form long, stable chains.

• Fuels are one of the most common uses of alkanes.
• Methane is an alkane with one carbon atom.

• Each carbon atom and its hydrogen atoms are written as a group in a formula.
• The number of hydrogen atoms is indicated by a subscript.

• The carbon atoms don't lie in a straight line when an organic molecule consists of a chain of three or more carbon atoms.
• They are arranged in a pattern.

• There are three hydrogen atoms on the ends of the carbon atoms.
• There are two carbons and two hydrogen atoms in the middle of the carbon chain.

• The expanded, Condensed structural, and line-angle formulas are used for pentane.

• Draw the chain.
• There are five carbon atoms in a continuous chain.

• The expanded structural formula can be drawn by adding hydrogen atoms with single bonds to carbon atoms.

• Combine the H atoms with the C atoms to make a structural formula.

• The zigzag line in the line-angle formula represents the ends and corners of C atoms.

• The groups attached to each C are not in fixed positions because an alkane has only single carbon-carbon bonds.
• The bonds connecting the carbon atoms can be freely rotating.
• A variety of structural formulas can be used to represent the same compound with four carbon atoms.

• The simplest cycloalkane has a ring of three carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.

• Most cycloalkanes are drawn using their line-angle formulas, which look like simple geometric figures.
• The carbon atom is represented by each corner of the line-angle formula for a cycloalkane.

• A chain has eight carbon atoms.

• The cyclohexane is a ring of six carbon atoms.