Hormones 

Hormones 

HYPOTHALAMUS

Makes multiple hormones

ACTH - RF

GnRH

Oxytocin

ADH

TSH - RF

PITUITARY GLAND

GH helps with bones

1. This leads to growth

   1. Too little = dwarfism

   2. Too much = acromegaly and gigantism

Oxytocin targets the breast and mammary glands

1. It makes uterine contractions.

1. ADH aims for the kidneys

   1. It helps with water reabsorption

1. TSH aims for the thyroid

   1. It makes thyroxine

1. FSH targets the ovaries

   1. It makes estrogen

   2. It stimulates follicle growth

1. LH aims for the ovaries and mammary glands

   1. It makes estrogen and progesterone

1. ACTH targets the adrenal cortex

   1. It makes aldosterone and cortisol

1. Prolactin aims for the breasts and mammary glands

   1. It makes milk

THYROID GLAND

1. Thyroxine aims for all cells in the body

   1. It increases metabolism

2. Calcitonin aims for the bones, kidneys and small intestine

   1. It decreases the blood calcium.

   2. It deposits it in the bones

PARATHYROID GLAND

1. PTH aims for the bones, kidneys and small intestine

   1. It increases blood calcium

   2. It takes it out of the bones.

PANCREAS + ISLETS OF LANGERHANS

1. Insulin aims for the liver muscles and all cells

   1. It decreases blood glucose

      1. It makes glucose into glycogen

   2. It makes all cell permeable to glucose

2. Glucagon aims for the liver, muscles and all cells

   1. It increases blood glucose

*The pancreas is an endocrine gland (hormones) and an exocrine gland (digestive enzymes)

ADRENAL GLAND

1. Adrenal medulla (middle) makes Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

   1. It has to do with the sympathetic NS.

   2. It increases HR, BR, BP, BG and vasodilation to skeletal muscles, and constricts blood vessels to digestive system.

2. Adrenal Cortex

   1. Makes aldosterone which targets the kidney.

   2. It increases salt reabsorption into blood

   3. Water follows by osmosis.

3. Cortisol targets most cells and is anti-immune and anti- inflammatory.

   1. Amino acids in blood go to liver to be made into glucose

      1. So it increases blood glucose.

OVARY

1. Makes estrogen which aims for all cells

2. It makes secondary characteristics

3. Grows endometrium and makes positive for LH

Progesterone targets the uterus and grows endometrium it prevents contractions.

TESTES

1. Testosterone aims for all cells

2. Makes primary and secondary characteristics

3. It increases sperm production

HORMONES

1. Steroid hormones are slow

2. Enter the cell

3. Are lipids

4. Can be taken by mouth

1. Protein hormones are fast

2. Attach to receptors on cell membrane

3. Are made from amino acids

4. Are injected

   1. Insulin