8.1 Linear Momentum and Force

8.1 Linear Momentum and Force

• The average effective force is determined using graphical representation.

• Average force and impulse are calculated.

• The principle of momentum is related to atomic and subatomic particles.

• Determine the final velocities in an elastic collision.

• Reckless energy and loss are determined by the mass and initial velocity.

• Discuss two-dimensional collision as an extension of one-dimensional analysis.

• Determine the magnitude and direction of the final velocity.

• Explain the principle behind jet engines.

• Discuss the factors that affect the rocket's speed.

• Most of the ways we use the term momentum are consistent with its scientific definition.
• Sports teams or politicians are gaining and losing.
• We know that there is something to do with collisions.
• The rugby players in the picture colliding and falling to the ground are expected to have great effects in the resulting collision.
• A tendency to move in the same direction is associated with great mass and speed.

• It is important because it is conserved.
• In our study of momentum, we will see that only a few physical quantities are conserved in nature, and that studying them yields fundamental insight into how nature works.

• The object's mass and speed are directly proportional to the object's momentum.
• The direction of the momentum is the same as the velocity.
• The SI unit is for momentum.

• We can only calculate the magnitude of the momentum because no direction is given.

• Only magnitudes are considered.

• Substitute the known values for the player's mass and speed into the equation to determine the player's momentum.

• Substitute the known values for the ball's mass and speed into the equation to determine the ball's momentum.

• The player has more mass than the ball.
• The player's momentum is much greater than the football's.
• The player's motion is not affected if he catches the ball.
• We will quantify what happens in the later sections.

• Early in the development of classical physics, the importance of momentum was recognized.

• The law uses symbols to show where the net external force is, the change in momentum, and the change in time.

• The net external force is the change in momentum of a system.

• Both force and momentum are related.
• Newton's second law of motion, which states that force acting over time can change momentum, can be stated in its most broadly applicable form.
• The study of atomic and subatomic particles in quantum mechanics uses the concept of momentum.

• A special case is included in the second law of motion.
• As follows, we can derive this form.

• The mass of the system is constant.

• The second law of motion can be applied to systems where the mass is changing, such as rockets, and to systems of constant mass.

• Venus Williams hit the fastest serve in a premier women's match, reaching a speed of 58 m/s.

• The problem is only one dimensions because the ball has no horizontal component before impact.