Chapter 8: The West in the Early Middle Ages, 500-900
- Germanic invaders consisting of Anglos, Saxons, and Jutes, invaded and went on to divide Britain into 7 independent kingdoms
- Got rid of Roman traditions such as administration, taxation, etc.
- Urban life disappeared
- Scandinavians (Danes, Swedes, Norwegians), called Vikings migrated from Scandinavia
- Originally appeared as merchants and pirates, then conquerors and colonists
- Wanted land and wealth
- Attacked and plundered villages and towns
- Ships allowed for both exploration and trade
- Constantly at war with each other as there was no stable kingdom
- Gradually converted to Christianity
- Germanic tribes along the Rhine River created a confederation known as the Franks in the 4th century
- Clovis founded kingdom of Franks in Gaul (modern day France)
- Clovis established the Merovingian dynasty.
- By the 7th century, Merovingian kings were kings only in title
- Nobles were the real source of authority
- Pope proclaimed that the one who exercised the powers of a king should have the title
- Church played a huge role in the Frankish government
- Charlemagne
- King of the Franks
- King of the Lombard's (modern day Italy)
- Conqueror, state builder, and patron of the arts
- Crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 by the Pope
- Attempted to improve the government of his empire by educating aristocratic boys for positions in the church or state
- By the time he died, Charlemagne ruled what is modern day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, Switzerland, Germany, part of Italy, part of Spain, and the island of Corsica
- Left behind a strong and large empire.
- His empire was divided by his grandsons as his son was a weak ruler, overthrown by Charlemagne’s grandsons
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