Chapter 8: The West in the Early Middle Ages, 500-900

  • Germanic invaders consisting of Anglos, Saxons, and Jutes, invaded and went on to divide Britain into 7 independent kingdoms
    • Got rid of Roman traditions such as administration, taxation, etc.
    • Urban life disappeared
  • Scandinavians (Danes, Swedes, Norwegians), called Vikings migrated from Scandinavia
    • Originally appeared as merchants and pirates, then conquerors and colonists
    • Wanted land and wealth
    • Attacked and plundered villages and towns
    • Ships allowed for both exploration and trade
    • Constantly at war with each other as there was no stable kingdom
    • Gradually converted to Christianity
  • Germanic tribes along the Rhine River created a confederation known as the Franks in the 4th century
    • Clovis founded kingdom of Franks in Gaul (modern day France)
    • Clovis established the Merovingian dynasty.
  • By the 7th century, Merovingian kings were kings only in title
    • Nobles were the real source of authority
  • Pope proclaimed that the one who exercised the powers of a king should have the title
  • Church played a huge role in the Frankish government
  • Charlemagne
    • King of the Franks
    • King of the Lombard's (modern day Italy)
    • Conqueror, state builder, and patron of the arts
    • Crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 by the Pope
    • Attempted to improve the government of his empire by educating aristocratic boys for positions in the church or state
    • By the time he died, Charlemagne ruled what is modern day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, Switzerland, Germany, part of Italy, part of Spain, and the island of Corsica
    • Left behind a strong and large empire.
    • His empire was divided by his grandsons as his son was a weak ruler, overthrown by Charlemagne’s grandsons

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