Population Control and Migration (Geography)

Population Control and Migration

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Population Control

Lowering birth rates- education and healthcare

• Women are able to get an education therefore they are able to take control of their lives
• Women can gain a better understanding of reproductive rights and make their own choices regarding contraceptives
• Better technology helps people gain knowledge about diseases, immunization, and pre-natal care
• Since the survival of infants has increased, women can make more effective choices and limit the number of children they have
• Latin America, South Asia, and Southwest Asia have a decline in CBR due to women having all of these opportunities

Lowering birth rates- contraception and family planning

• The government puts contraceptives into place so that families can plan out their kids rather than having them unexpectedly
• In developing countries, there are more women than contraceptive options, so they can’t access them easily
• In Bangladesh, 56 percent of women use contraceptives, along with Columbia, Morocco, and Thailand
• Contraceptives are less evident in places like Sub-Saharan Africa, fewer than one-fourth of women have access to them

Population Policies

• Pronatalist- policies that try to increase birth rates
• Pro immigration- policies meant to attract foreign people
• Antinatalist- policies that discourage having kids
• Antiimmigration- policies that try to limit immigration

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Migration Transition

Immigration- to live permanently in a foreign country

Emigration- to leave a native country permanently

Stage 1

High daily or seasonal mobility in search of food.

Stage 2

High international emigration and international migration from rural to urban areas.

Stage 3 and 4

High international immigration from cities to suburbs.

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Distance of Migration

Ravensteins 2 laws

• Most migrants relocate a short distance and stay in their country
• Long distance migrants who are going to different countries usually move to urban areas

Internal migration- permanent move within the country

International migration- permanent move outside the country

Types of Internal Migration

• Interregional migration- movement from one region to another
• Intraregional migration- movement within the region

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International Migration Patterns

Largest Migration flows

• Asia to Europe
• Asia to North America
• Latin America to North America

Other notes

• The United States is populated by a lot of people from Asia and Mexico
• Countries in Stage 3 are the most likely to send out immigrants to more developed countries
• China, India, Philippines and Vietnam have the most immigrants
• Many people from Mexico managed to get visas without documents
• Although the reasons people are migrating are the same, they are all coming from different places

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Interregional Migration

Population Center

The population center shows the average location of everyone in the country.

Other notes

• Biggest interregional migration in the United States is the opening of the West
• There was better land, a warmer climate, and more job opportunities
• People mainly headed to California because of the gold rush
• A hindering factor is that the land wasn’t flat
• Railroads helped make going over this land easier

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Migration Between Regions

Russia

• Most people migrate to the Western European part of the country
• The North has a very harsh and cold climate that is hard to live on
• The government brings in volunteers to help with construction

Canada

• Moving from East to West
• People were searching for gold
• They used horses and carriages to travel

China

• Moving East towards cities
• There are a lot more factory jobs in those areas
• At first the government tried to stop the moves, but those rules were eventually revoked

Brazil

• People live in cities across the coast
• It is very attractive and has a good climate
• To bring people inside the country, the government moved the location of the capital

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Intraregional Migration

Urbanization

To turn an area into a place where a lot of people live and work.

Ex: The number of people living in urban areas increased by 5 percent in 1800, 50 percent in 1920, and 80 percent in 2010.

Suburbanization

To leave the city and settle nearby and make smaller towns and cities.

Ex: Twice as many people moce from cities to suburbs as they move from suburbs to cities.

Counter Urbanization

To leave urban areas for rural areas.

Ex: Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming are rural areas in the United States people like to move to.

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Push and Pull Factors

Economic

Push: Low payment and poor income

Pull: Areas with good high paying jobs

Enviormental

Push: Dangerous enviorment, floods and droughts

Pull: Attractive, mountains, sea, warmth

Political

Push: Slavery, Refugees, Asylum seekers

Pull: Freedom