10.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases

10.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases

  • Write balanced equations for reactions of acids with metals, carbonates Equation (7.4) or bicarbonates, and bases; calculate the molarity or volume of an acid from titration using Concentration as a information.
  • The typical reactions of acids and bases include the reactions of acids with metals and bases.
  • H2 and a salt can be produced by acids reacting with certain metals.
    • Some of the metals that react with acids are iron, zinc, and magnesium.
  • The metal ion replaces hydrogen in the acid.
  • H2 and a salt are included in the equation products.
  • When a metal reacts with an acid, there are hydrogen gas and a salt.

  • Carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt can be found when an acid is added to a carbonate.

  • The acid and OH- combine to form water.
    • The combination of the cation from the base and the anion from the acid is what makes baking soda react with an salt.
    • Carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt are products of the neutralization reaction between HCl and NaOH.
  • If we write the strong acid HCl and the strong base NaOH as ion, we can see that H+ reacts with OH- to form water, leaving the ion Na+ and Cl- in solution.

  • One H+ always reacts with one OH- in a neutralization reaction.
    • The neutralization equation may need coefficients to balance H+ from the acid with the OH- from the base.
  • 2H+ is provided by placing a coefficient of 2 in front of the HCl.
  • To balance 2H+ and 2OH-, use a coefficient of 2 in front of H2O.
  • The formula of the salt should be written.
    • The formula for the salt should be written with the ion Ba2+ and 2Cl-.

  • Suppose we need to find the molarity of a solution of HCl, which has an unknown concen of an Acid or Base in a Titration.
    • An indicator is a compound that changes color when the solution's pH changes.
    • In an acidic solution, phenolphthalein is odorless.
    • We fill a buret with a NaOH solution of known molarity and then add a NaOH solution to the acid in the flask.
    • When the phenolphthalein in the solution changes from pink to colorless, neutralization has taken place.
    • We use the measured volume of the NaOH solution and the measured volume of acid to calculate the number of moles of NaOH and acid.
  • A measured volume of a base solution, such as NaOH, is placed in a flask with an indicator and measured to the neutralization endpoint.
  • A sample of an HCl solution is placed in a flask with a few drops of phenolphthalein.
  • Give and need quantities and concentrations.
  • A plan is needed to calculate the molarity.
  • State equalities and conversion factors are included.
  • To calculate the needed quantity, set up the problem.
  • Titration of acid anacids is used to remove excess stomach acid.
  • A mixture of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium is used in antacids.
  • The Al(OH) levels of available OH- are not harmful to the intestinal tract because they are not verysoluble in water.

  • Some antacids use calcium carbonate to fight stomach problems.
    • There is a acid in magnesium hydroxide.