Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

  • Definition: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

  • Equation: The overall equation for photosynthesis can be simplified as:

    [ 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ]

    • Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) + Light energy → Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (O2)

  • Stages:

    1. Light-dependent Reactions : Occur in the thylakoid membranes, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

    2. Calvin Cycle (Light-independent Reactions) : Takes place in the stroma, using ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into glucose.

  • Importance: Photosynthesis is crucial for life on Earth as it provides the oxygen we breathe and is the foundation of the food chain.