18.1 Metabolism and ATP Energy

18.1 Metabolism and ATP Energy

• Catabolic processes in animal cells are the focus of this chapter.

• In the three stages of electron transport and of catabolism, large molecules from foods that are oxidation-sensitive are degraded to give smaller molecule that can be turned into ATP.

• Polysaccharides break down to monosaccharides, fats break down to glycerol and fatty acids, andProteins yield amino acids.
• The digestion products diffuse into the bloodstream.

• As the digestion products are broken down further to yield smaller groups, catabolic reactions continue within the cells.

• The major release of energy takes place in the mitochondria, where the two-carbon acetyl group is oxidation in the citric acid cycle.

• The breakdown of large Molecules is catabolic.

• The synthesis of large molecule is rapid.

• It is possible to identify the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O as catabolic.

• catabolic oxidation is the process of oxidation of a substance.

• The oxidation of sugars and fats can be accomplished by the use of the matrix and inner membrane.
• The oxidation pathways eventually produce CO2 and H2O, and release energy, which is used to form ener, summarizes some of the functions of these components in animal cells.

• adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a group abbreviated as Pi and energy of 7.3 kJ/mole, is the product of the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate.

• The ADP can form monophosphate andPi.