54.4 Climate and Its Relationship to Biological

54.4 Climate and Its Relationship to Biological

  • The number of fishes and other species decreases in acidic waters.
    • The optimal pH for most freshwater fishes is between 6.0 and 9.0.
  • The surface gill causes fishes to die.
  • These react with oxygen in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which falls to the Earth's surface in rain or snow.
    • It is harmful to aquatic environments.
  • The warm air rising near the equator forms towers seen, the distribution and abundance of organisms are influenced by the rain that falls in the area.
    • To understand the patterns of abundance in the rain forests.
    • Ecologists need to study the global climate as the upper flow life on Earth.
  • 40% less solar energy strikes polar latitudes.
  • There are tropical forests in a band around the equator.
    • The air is hot and dry in the north and south.
    • There is a secondary zone of precipitation at latitudes around 45 to 55 degrees north and south.
    • The polar regions are dry.
    • Areas of high pressure are caused by falling air.
    • Areas of low pressure are caused by rising air.
    • Sailing ships were able to explore the world because of the westerlies, or so-called northeast/southeast trade winds.
    • The ITCZ is a part of the tropics.
  • There is a hot, tropical forest at latitudes of about 30 degrees north and south of the tropics.
  • The surface flow splits the forests of the Pacific Northwest and Western Europe into two parts, one going toward the pole and the other toward the equator.
  • The three-cell model provides a good understanding of the global circulation cell, at the poles, but it is oversimplified.
    • Many high-latitude regions sonality is caused by the tilt of the Earth because the sea has little water left.
    • The Earth's axis of rotation is desert-like.
  • The sun is facing directly on the fall equinox.
    • The constant tilt of the Earth's axis causes changes in the solar energy hitting the Earth.
  • When a rocket is fired from the North Pole it will fly due south, but its intended target will move and the landing point will be in the west.
  • Climate is affected by the spring patterns on March 21 and September 22.
    • All locations in the Northern and Southern have an effect on the autumn equinoxes.
  • Hemispheres have equal amounts of solar radia.
    • For half of the year, the Northern Hemisphere tures decrease with elevation.
    • There is a decrease in air pressure at 60 degrees north.
    • When air is blown across the northern winter, it expands because of -12degC, whereas in the summer it shrinks because of 16degC.
    • It cools at a rate of 10degC as it expands.
    • Tropical temperatures vary for every 1,000 m in elevation, as long as there is no water or cloud.
    • Southern Hemisphere temperatures also occur.
  • In addition to seasonal changes in temperatures, the wind produces a temperature change roughly equivalent to that brought direction is diverted by the rotation of the Earth, a phenomenon about by an increase in latitude of 1,000 km.
    • The charac de Coriolis can be found on mountaintop vegetation even in tropical areas.
    • Imagine a rocket being fired from the North or South Pole.
  • Patterns of precipitation can be influenced by the mountains when the rocket reaches the equator.
    • The target would have moved to the east.
    • To an observer at the equator, the warm, moist air that the rocket encounters on the windward side of a mountain releases precipitation in the form of rain or snow.
  • When a rocket is fired from the equator, the western side of theCascade Range is in Washington State.
    • The east west gives spin to storm systems and is a reason hurricanes spin ern side.
  • The Southern Hemisphere can be affected by the proximity of a landmass to a large body of water.
  • As moist air blows across the windward side of a mountain, it rises and cools, and precipitation falls as rain or snow.
  • Cool air rushes in from the ocean to replace the moist air.
  • Little precipitation occurs on the leeward side of a mountain.
  • Water has a very high specific heat, which is markedly from those of their climatic zones.
    • The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a frost is never experienced by many.
    • The heat of the land is lower than in inland areas.
    • The water allows the land to warm quicker than the water.
    • If it weren't for the warm water of the sea, the U.S. would be a desert.
  • The land is cooler at night than the sea.
    • The major ocean currents act as "pinwheels" and create offshore breezes.
    • The ocean basins of the fore have a moderating effect on the temperatures of coastal regions in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the South.
  • The warm and cold water are represented by the red and blue arrows.