Chapter 9: The High Middle Ages
- Starting 1050, Europe experienced growth and prosperity
- 90% of Europe’s population was made up of peasants
- Serfs weren’t slaves
- Lords offered protection and justice to the serfs in exchange for services
- Village farms were owned by a lord who lived in a manor house
- Manors had serfs who were under a lord’s authority
- Marriage was seen as a type of alliance between two noble families
- Seal alliances
- Transfer property
- Have children
- Ideals of being a knight consisted of a lifestyle that was made up of fighting, being loyal, being brave, having manners, and such by the end of the 12th century
- The Crusades were religious wars of conflict against Europe’s non-Christian neighbors
- Expensive failures
- Worsened relationships between Christians and Muslims
- Encouraged growth of towns and trade
- Medieval feudalism was practiced in places such as France, England, Spain, parts of Germany, etc.
- Serfs and and poor freemen weren’t included in feudal arrangements
- Guilds first appeared in European cities
- Apprentices learned crafts and trading from their masters
- Apprentices were able to become masters once they were able to make a masterpiece
- Masterpieces were products that proved them worthy enough to be masters
- The German Empire, which was called the Holy Roman Empire in 1254, wasn’t unified
- German princes, dukes, or bishops were practically independent rulers
- The Holy Roman Emperor gained power under the Hapsburg dynasty
- Holy Roman Empire was abolished under Napoleon in 1806
- The role of the aristocracy changed due to the growth of royal power
- Magna Carta
- Document that demanded that the king respect the rights and privileges of England’s nobility
- Acknowledged that the king wasn’t above the law
- Addressed concerns of the higher classes, not the lower classes
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