6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons

6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons

• The elements are found in nature combined as compounds.
• There is an explanation for the stability of noble gases.

• Stable electron arrangements can be formed when electrons are shared between atoms.

• Some elements have the stability of helium with two electrons.

• The atoms of H2O and C3H8 share electrons.

• The metal atoms lose their electrons easily.
• They form ion with positive charges.
• A metal atom has the same arrangement of electrons as its nearest noble gas.

• The covalent bond atom has a stable arrangement of electrons.
• sodium has 10 negatively charged electrons instead of 11.

• The atom is no longer neutral because of the 11 positively charged protons in its nucleus.

• The ionic charge of 1+ is written in the upper right corner of the Lewis A atom.
• The 1 is understood in a cesium ion.
• The ion has 55 protons and 54 electrons, which is smaller than the atom.

• Magnesium, a metal in Group 2A (2), obtains a stable electron arrangement by losing two electrons to form a magnesium ion.
• The magnesium atom is larger than the magne sium ion because the electrons in the third energy level were removed.
• The magnesium ion has octets of electrons that fill its second energy level.

• The energy of a nonmetal atom is high.
• A stable electron arrangement is obtained when a nonmetal atom gains one or more electrons.
• A negatively charged ion is formed by gaining electrons.
• An atom of chlorine with seven electrons gains one electron to form an octet.

• The chlorine atom is no longer Writing Positive and Negative Ions neutral because it now has 18 electrons and 17 protons in its nucleus.

• The ion has 7 protons and 10 electrons.

• The ion has 20 protons and 18 electrons.

• Nitrogen has 7 protons.
• In an ion of nitrogen with 10 electrons, the ionic charge would be 3-.

• The element has 20 protons.
• In an ion of calcium with 18 electrons, the ionic charge would be 2+.

• In ionic compounds, representative elements usually lose or gain electrons to give eight valence electrons like their nearest noble gas.
• The group numbers in the periodic table can be used to determine the charges for the representative elements.

• The elements lose two electrons to form an ion.

• The elements in Group 3A lose three electrons to form an ion.

• The elements in Group 7A gain one electron to form an ion.
• The elements in Group 6A gain two electrons to form an ion.
• The elements in Group 5A gain three electrons to form an ion.

• Nonmetals of Group 4A do not form ion.
• Group 4A (14) has metals that lose electrons to form positive ions.
• The ionic charges for some elements are listed.

• Consider the elements oxygen and aluminum.

• The number of valence electrons is stated.

• The number of electrons that must be lost or gained is stated.

• Write the symbol and name for each ion.

• The symbols for the ion are written.

• The body fluids have important functions.

• Foods such as bananas, milk, cheese, and potatoes help regulate body functions.

• Milk, cheese, bananas, cereals, and potatoes are important for the body.