In Macedonia, a pattern of alliances between mothers and sons provided openings for women to take an active role in politics, especially in political intrigue.
In Egypt, opportunities for royal women were even greater after the Ptolemaic rulers adopted the Egyptian custom of kings marrying their own sisters.
The development of the kingdom as the focus of political life in the Hellenistic era also resulted in fewer restrictions on women.
In many cities, for example, women of all classes had new freedom of movement.
The most notable gains, especially for upper-class women, came in the economic area.
Documents show increasing numbers of women involved in managing slaves, selling property, and making loans.
Even then, legal contracts made by women had to include their official male guardians, although often these men were listed only to satisfy legal requirements and no longer played an important role.
In Sparta, women were allowed to own land and manage their own economic affairs.
Although slaves came from everywhere, Thracians and Syrians were the most numerous.
Slaves were put to work in numerous ways in the Hellenistic world. States employed slaves as servants for government officials and in government-run industries such as weaving.
Most slaves were used in domestic service, farming, and mines, but the situation could vary from state to state.
Egypt had no slave class in the countryside, nor was there much domestic slavery outside Alexandria.
The effects of slavery could also be important.
The employment of large numbers of slaves in the Hellenistic kingdoms contributed to the Hellenizing process.
Slaves working in homes, farms, or factories had opportunities to absorb Greek ways.
This is especially evident in the case of the slave-wives of Hellenistic soldiers.
The Transformation of Education In the Hellenistic world, education underwent a significant transformation.
In the Classical period of Greek history, education had been left largely to private enterprise. Greek cities now began to supervise education in new ways.
The Greek gymnasium, which had been primarily an athletic institution, evolved into a secondary school. ’’
The school in Teos was unusual, however, in that education was ordinarily for upper-class male children.
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