USH 11/16/20

Southerners justified slavery with the Bible

Justified with Exodus and Leviticus

Both sides used arguments from the Bible to justify their side

The southerners believed in being a slave from child until death, and based it off of racial ideals

In the Bible, the servants or slaves were mainly about indentured servants

The abolitionists used the verse saying that men can't be stolen

Men stealing was punishable by death

Southerners claimed that they weren't stealing the men because they had already been stolen, but that they were just dealing with them

Southerners thought all of the northerners were abolitionists-wasn't true

Northerners believed all southerners were slaveholders-not true

Middle states took after mainly the north

The farming and agriculture in the middle states didn't have a need for slaves and were focused more on capital

Virginia, South Carolina, and Louisiana had the heaviest population of slaves

Once the cotton gin was brought, almost all southern states had a heavily population of slaves

Quick changes happens in about 40 years.

People in the middle states sold their slaves to people in the south

"Short-staple" cotton was driving the cotton boom

75% of the world's cotton comes from the US south

People who say that the south is poor are wrong

The southerners with more opportunity begin to believe that they need to be industrialized more so they don't have to rely on northern banks and things

People didn't want to risk the financial decline by industrializing the south, so they don't take the risk

Slavery was profitable, but not for the whole south

Wealth wasn't evenly distributed

The cost to feed and clothe the slaves was an expense on top of the profit

The slaveowners had the advantage of slavery via financial gain by also selling off the slaves

Smaller white farmers in the north are doing better than those in the south

There is a caste society and classes in the south

The southern society has clashes, and the different ideas affect those conflicts

The Second Great Awakening happened more in the north

This movement is a Christian religious movement

People moving had a greater chance of church

There wasn't a state church so this grew the numbers of attendees and churches themselves

Revivals happened outside of local churches outside of Sundays

This great awakening is more emotional and personal than the first one

The first great awakening is more calvinistic, although the second one is more armenistic

People say that the person is the first one to choose Christianity, not God choosing them

They use the term "free will"

Most of the churches before the second great awakening were calvinistic

Finney rejects calvinism and stresses revivalist techniques

A person needed to become emotionally aware to get people to convert and leave calvinistic ways

There was a need for new churches with more converted people

The Methodist and Baptist churches came from this second great awakening

Circuit riders were preachers who traveled every Sunday to preach multiple times

Temperance movement cuts down alcohol consumption

Baptists are typically against drinking, originally Methodist was too

1830s was the period with the highest consumption of alcohol in history

Everyone was drinking all the time

Some people drank because the water was bad, but it was worse than just that reason

Alcohol consumption was cut by 50%

Second great awakening became more emotional and led to family decisions

Children were originally seen as more workers, but that changed

Wives were originally had to serve in the house, but that changed

Most people started marrying out of love and not convenience

Wives become less of a servant and more of a partner

Woman's job was to christianize the children and household

Feelings of affection became more widely accepted towards children

Asylums and prisons were used to fix family problems

Asylums, prisons, and poorhouses were places for the unwanted to go

There weren't as many prisons back then because there were less people, the laws weren't as strict, and the death penalty was more common along with capital crime

Jails were mainly holding places until people got their trial

More emotion and feeling led towards more prison-like systems and the movement of rehabilitation

Public schools expand, although the southern school systems don't

Most southern kids are homeschooled or are enrolled in private schools

The reformers try to form schools

Schools were also wanted to "save" kids from immigrants and other parents with bad influence

Educating these kids in the hopes that they wouldn't turn out like their parents

Some parents reject schools because they say it separates them from parents

Parochial schools were religious and denominational

Catholics and Lutherans had lots of parochial schools 

Parents didn't like that the government was forcing them to send kids to schools, so they created their own schools, leading to parochial schools

Abolition and women's movement

Theodore Dwight Weld takes the same techniques from Finney to teach about abolition and the evils of slavery

Techniques don't have influence in the south, but it does in the north and northeast

The Irish didn't like the abolition movement because it would put them at the bottom of the caste-like system

Fear that the African-Americans would start taking Irish jobs

Riots in New York against Irish and African-Americans

Yankee troops were taken off the battlefield to deal with riots

Lots of women are involved in the abolition movement

Women break off and form their own movement

The Liberty Party is formed from abolition movements and ideas

Women have their own convention in the hopes that they can get more participation in the abolitionist movement

Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was held by women

There are even more ideas of utopian socialism

Utopian movements begin to happen

These people say that society is corrupt and that they were leaving to form their own societies