13.2 Chiral Molecules

13.2 Chiral Molecules

• Similar to sugar, tagatose is found in fruit.

• Everything has a mirror image.

• Your thumbs are not on the same side.
• If you place your right hand over your left, you can't match up the parts of your hands.

• There are mirror images on the right hand.

• The thumbs and little fingers can be matched, but then the palms or backs of your hands are facing each other.
• The mirror images on your hands cannot be superimposed on each other.

• Left and right shoes are not the same.

• When we think about how hard it is to put a glove on our right hand, use a left-handed scissors, or put a shoe on our left foot, we realize that mirror images are very different.

• Ibuprofen, penicillin, and epinephrine are some of the important compounds in medicine.
• Most of the compounds in chemistry are not straight.

• A plain glass is achiral, but everyday objects such as gloves and shoes are not.

• The bromine and chlorine atoms are on opposite sides of the mirror images.

• We can't align all four atoms at the same time because 3-methylhexane has a chiral carbon.

• The mirror images are the enantiomers of a molecule.
• The enantiomers of a molecule can't be superimposed on each other.

• The structures are the same.

• There are mirror images of an achiral compound.

• toothpicks are placed into a black gumdrop to make the corners of a triangle.

• The mirror image of the original model can be used to make a second model.
• Try to superimpose it on the other model by rotating it.

• One orange gumdrop should be replaced with a purple gumdrop.
• There are four different colors of gumdrops.
• Replacing one orange gumdrop with a purple one on the second model will make its mirror image.
• Try to superimpose it on the other model by rotating it.

• It is used in hair care products.

• Ibuprofen can be used to relieve pain.

• The red C has groups of atoms attached to it.
• The carbon in red has the same two substituents.

• There are four different groups of carbon.

• The penicillamine is used in the treatment of arthritis.

• A simplified system for drawing isomers was created by Emil Fischer.
• He received the chemistry prize for his contributions.

• The bonds that project backward from a carbon atom are represented by vertical lines and horizontal lines.
• In this model, a carbon atom is represented by the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines.

• The middle carbon is the only chiral carbon for the simplest aldose.

• The group is drawn at the bottom.

• There are two ways in which OH groups can be drawn.
• The l isomer is the OH group drawn to the left of the atom.

• There are horizontal lines for bonds that project forward and vertical lines for bonds that point away in the projection.

• The OH group is drawn to the left of the carbon.

• The OH group is drawn to the right of the carbon.

• The OH group furthest from the top of the projection is drawn to the right.

• M13_TIMB8860_13_GE_C13.indd 470 has a different biological effect than the other one.

• One enantiomer has a certain smell, and another has a completely different smell.

• The scent of spearmint and caraway seeds is caused by Adrenaline and carvone.
• Carvone has two enantiomers, one of which is in the carbon ring.

• Our senses of smell and taste respond to two different odors.

• A substance used to treat Parkinson's disease is l-dopa, which is a single active enan converted to dopamine in the brain.

• Parkinson's disease is related to the chiral receptor.

• Carbohydrates naproxen and Ibuprofen are anti- inflammatory drugs that are used to relieve pain.
• The benefits of producing only the active enantiomer include using a lower dose, enhancing activity, reducing interactions with other drugs, and eliminating possible harmful side effects from the enantiomer.

• The active form of image is inactive.

• If there is a carbon that is chiral, indicate it.