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Hull House was different from other philanthropic enterprises because of Addams's emphasis on the relationship between the social classes.

Addams opened a restaurant for working women too tired to cook after their long shifts, converted the basement bathroom into public baths, and sponsored a nursery and kindergarten.

There was a gymnasium, a theater, a manual training workshop, and a labor museum.

Julia Lathrop stayed for decades before going to Washington, D.C. in 1912 to head the Children's Bureau.

The scientific investigation of urban ills was started by Hull House residents.

They used statistics to launch campaigns to improve housing, end child labor, fund playground, and lobby for laws to protect workers.

She rode atop the garbage wagon to make sure it made it's rounds.

After her struggle to help the urban poor led her to city hall, she went on to the state capitol and finally to Washington, D.C. America's premier social settlement was established by her and her college roommate.

tenements, child labor, and harsh working conditions were some of the worst evils of urban industrialism that others sought to remove.

The cult of efficiency was created by a belief in technical expertise and scientific management.

Many progressives wanted to restrict the rights of African Americans, Asians, and the women who formed the movement.

In 1893, urban problems inspired Wald, a nurse attending medical school.

The reformers founded settlement houses in order to care for a woman in the city.

Side sought to better the lot of sweatshop gar identify ourselves with it socially by living in the neighborhood as nurses.

Wald's Henry efforts began on the local level but ended Street settlement in 1895, leading to debates in state legislatures and in the public health nursing.

The picture was taken at Hull House at the turn of the twentieth century and shows a young worker leading children in a circle game.

Chicago's working mothers needed safe, reliable child care.

Older children like the boys and girls pictured here in their short pants and pinafores could find a snack and a place to play after school.

She went to workplace safer: factories, read hospital records, and interviewed workers in their homes to discover instances of lead poisoning.

A condition in which the hands and fingers cannot be extended due to lead harms the nervous system.

Through her work, victims suffer from weight middle-class, midwestern came to believe that the poor health loss, high blood pres upbringing, and abdominal pain were caused by immigrants.

Hamilton's case studies show the health and safety of the people who work there.

This desire to be of use prompted europe in the field of industrial toxi a skeleton of a man, looking hamilton to earn a medical degree at cology and in the regulation of Dan almost twice his age, his limbs the university of Michigan and to gers in the workplace.

"For grayish yellow, his eyes dull and by moving into hull house, nobody held them responsible, while expressionless," Hamilton observed.

The Commission of Illinois made clear that the connection stood in the forefront of the progressive move house women created a new profession.

Settlement houses gave college-educated work and stimulated the new reform move women were eager to use their knowledge for.

She pioneered the field of occupational health and safety when she was a resident of Hul House.

The Reverend Charles H. Parkhurst told his congregation to use Christ's teachings in their daily lives.

The link between political corruption and urban vice was discovered by examining New York City's brothels.

Doctors concerned about the spread of union met in a dirty, noisy saloon, Jane Addams venereal disease, and women reformers invited the union to meet at Hull House when Mary Kenney together ministers who wished to stamp out O' Sullivan complained that her bookbinders' sin.

During the Pullman strike in 1894, there was a double standard that demanded chastity of women and premarital sex for men.

The girl who only gets six dollars per week in support of middle-class reformers was seen as a sign of weakness by the working class.

Women workers and the push for social purity were brought together by the attacks on alcohol.

The American Federation of Labor said that the Anti-Saloon League was formed in 1895 to organize working women into unions.

The principle of equal liquor lobby fought back, spending liberally in pay for equal work, shrewdly observing that it election campaigns, fueling the charge that liquor would help male workers more than women, corrupted the political process.

Immigrants and their middle-class allies were stigmatized by temperance reformers and the WTUL helped working for their drinking.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company had twenty thousand employees who worked six days a week and only had Sunday for success.

In support, an estimated twenty thousand gar Progressives' efforts to civilize the city ment workers, most of them teenage girls and demonstrated their willingness to take action; many of them Jewish and Italian immigrants, their belief that environment, not heredity, stayed out on strike through the winter, picket By the time the strike ended in February 1910, the workers had won important through government action without radical demands in many shops.

The tragic firetrap within a matter of weeks was caused by the failure of the twenty thousand to fundamentally change Triangle Shirtwaist Company.

Two young girls whom I knew to have tried you good people of the public and we were working in the vicinity came rushing toward have found you wanting.

I know what they are going through, tears were running from their eyes, and they were caught by the working people to save them, and they were white and shaking.

Garment workers went on strike in the winter of 1909 to demand better working conditions and union representation.

The strikers, mostly young women from the Jewish and Italian immigrant communities, joined the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union to mount an effective strike.

The Women's Trade Union League, a crossclass al iance of working women and middle-class "al ies", contributed money and offered moral support to the strikers.

The right encourages consumers to fight sweatshops by buying only garments that carry the union label.

New York City set up a makeshift mortuary at the end of Manhattan's Charities Pier after the Triangle fire.

The only clues to the identity of a sister, daughter, or sweetheart were a melted hair comb and a charred shoe.

The dark triangle is a representation of the capitalist triumvirate of Rent, Profit, and Interest.

A bloated businessman weeps over his lost profits while a young woman worker lies burning on the pavement and a leering skeleton poses on the left.

Florence Kelley of the National Consumers' published a list of stores that met its standards.

The NCL promoted the ill effects of long hours on the protective legislation to better working conditions health and safety of women.

The entire human race is at risk because long hours endanger women private sector to respond to the need for reform.

Critics would later charge that the progressives assumed too easily that men and women used their intellects to alter the environment.

In an urban, industrial society, a good house in solving social problems should be played for by the liberal state.

Progress should be left to the dictates of restructure the workplace because of the view that degree in 1885 went back to humans.

He meticulously argued that human intelligence could shape timed workers and attempt to change and improve society.

The pro Workers believed that the world operated on speedup and that the monotony of systematized gressives directly challenged social Darwinism, shop management and argued that it led to the with its insistence that the world operated on speedup.

The increased productivity and law of natural selection was applauded by many progres human beings.

Robert M. La Follette became a U.S. senator after Tom Johnson made Cleveland a model for progressive reform.

A graduate of the University of Wisconsin and Hiram Johnson ended the domination of the Follette and brought scientists and professors to California politics.

Johnson began his career in politics after moving to Cleveland in 1899, where he established a factory reg and preached.

He promised the first state income tax during the first direct primary in the country.

La Follette united his supporters around issues between Johnson and the streetcar that were not party loyalties.

The emphasis moguls argued that progressivism, which couldn't meet costs with the lower, attracted followers from both major parties.

He introduced the direct contemporary primary, supported the initiative, referendum, observer as "a steam and recall", strengthened the state's railroad engine in trousers, and signed Theodore Roosevelt at an employer's liability law.

When Theodore Roosevelt was killed, his friend and political mentor, Mark Hanna, was the youngest man ever to move into the White House.

Roosevelt brought to the job the colorful hero of the battle of San Juan Hill, talent and energy, and he was a patrician by birth.

He was already an accomplished person by the time he graduated from Harvard, after punching cattle in the Dakotas.

He could have reassured the nation that he intended those promising careers, but instead he chose poli to continue the policies that he loved.

An activist and a moralist, Roosevelt believed that the path to power did not lie in the good with the progressive spirit and would turn government leagues into a bully pulpit.

I want to see if I can hold onto the nation's emergence as a world power if it is the muckers that govern.

Roosevelt apprenticeshipd himself early so he could shift the center of power from Wall Street to the local Republican ward boss Thomas, who held court in a grimy, smoke-filled Washington.

It was difficult three to the presidency in less than twenty to follow in his footsteps, but his years as a cowboy in the Dakotas proved to be hope for the police commissioner of New York City.

It could no longer count on the Supreme Court to be free of government interference.

The Sherman Act was upheld by Roosevelt and he called for the dis eyes of self-interested capitalists.

Roosevelt ordered his attorney general to begin a secret antitrust investigation of the authority of the executive in his Northern Securities Company.

One of the most controversial aspects of his handling of the coal strike was the mergers of the era.

Roosevelt fought a ruinous rate war that precipitated a to assert the authority of the presidency, bankrupting thousands of time to mediation between labor and management.

In May, 147,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike to bring peace to the warring sides.

In 1901, the Northern Securities Company was created by the United Mine Workers in order to link three competing railroads under twelve to ten hours.

The monopo weighs each miner's output and railroad traffic in the Northwest.

Wage increase along with recognition of investors still smarting from their losses, farm union.

George saw in Northern Securities the highhandedness of the mine operators' spokesman when he was asked about freight rates.

The news that the government had filed an anti had placed the rights and interests of the labor trust suit against Northern Securities.

The strike dragged on through the summer of the United States and would sink so low that it wouldn't be able to last into the fall.

Child labor in America's mines and mills was common at the turn of the twentieth century despite state laws that tried to restrict it.

Roosevelt's actions were near riots in the nation's big cities due to coal shortages.

Representatives from both sides met in the presidential passivity of the Gilded Age, but Roosevelt stepped in to mediation at the Northern Securities case and the anthracite juncture.

Roosevelt's actions showed that the government could act as a counter to the power of the big corporations.

Thanks to his role in the anthracite strike, unionism received a boost, as Roosevelt announced that he had tried everything at the table.

Roosevelt insulted the president because of a move that angered the attorney general.

Roosevelt used patronage to win the hearts and minds of people and threatened to take over the mines.

The Democrats abandoned being used to operate the mines and brought their former candidate, William Bryan, with them.

By the 1840s, americans embraced photography, using the technology of frenchman Louis Daguerre to make portraits called daguerreotypes.

The thing I had been looking for windowless tenement rooms of New per at my breakfast table, I put it all these years.

Roosevelt is said to have remarked on the eve of his election that the Commission had real power to set rates.

He would need the old prerogative of private enterprise, popularity and political savvy, as well as one that business had no intention of yielding, to guide his reform measures through government.

The result was a huge step for neighborhood parks and child labor flash pistols.

Roosevelt was an avid reader of the public temper and saw a growing appetite for reform.

The Hepburn Act, passed in ing and social injustice, gave theICC the power to set rates, which boosted the sales of popular magazines.

In the waning years of his administration, patent medicines wentaded the Senate, with Roosevelt allied with the more progressive elements of the Republican Party.

He claimed that the Tennessee Coal and Iron was rified by his descriptions of the unsanitary conditions in Company, an independent steel business that had the meatpacking industry, where the novel's hapless hero long been coveted by the U.S. Steel Corporation.

After reading the book, Roosevelt was told that the sale of the evelt could no longer be used for breakfast.

The public outcry surrounding The Roosevelt led to the enactment of food and drug legislation and a federal meat inspection law.

The acquisition of Tennessee Coal and Iron by U.S. Steel was done away with a competitor and undercutting the economy of the Southeast.

The extent to which Morgan found federal regulation preferable to harsher state measures was underscored by the charge of colluding between business and government.

Roosevelt never acknowledged that his regulatory policies fostered an alliance between business and government that is now called corporate liberalism.

A fervent Darwinian idency, he placed the nation's conservativism policy in the hands of scientifically trained experts like a conservativist who built big dams and a pres his chief forester, Gifford Pinchot.

Pinchot ervationist who saved the redwoods preached the efficient use ofConservation to have it both ways.

One of Roosevelt's first acts as president was to establish a pelican refuge in Florida.

The progressives judged muir and Should Hetch Hetchy to be fakers and not true to nature.

San wants to build new roads and hotels in order to guarantee that the "healing "incomparable "Yosemite" would be accessible to preserved for future generations.

Robert Righter pointed out that the francisco needed water and power, given the battle over hetch hetchy repre and the mayor James Phelan's desire to get water rights in hetch tion.

The irrigation men who dammed hetch ensured the city's water supply for one chief forester.

To him, the battle was fought by franklin Lane, interior secretary, to save hetch not over preservation but over public.

The mountains are our destroy and seems incredi power, that any one would try to versus private control of water.

In 1913, he argued that the Raker act and national monument should remain sacrosanct.

Hetch hetchy valley was denuded of its trees and then flooded under two hundred feet of water.

His fight to save hetch hetchy galvanized the preservation movement and led to the creation of the National Park Service act in 1916.

Donald hodel, Ronald Reagan's secretary of the interior, shocked San Francisco by suggesting the removal of the O'Shaughnessy Dam and the restoration of the hetch hetchy valley.

Critics bitterly noted that Pinchot had never bothered to visit the grave after accusing him of failing to preserve it.

Roosevelt created tion growth in the days leading up to popula law's enactment.

He wrote that opponents of the forest service turned into proponents of America's interests abroad.

Worried that private utilities vigorous foreign policy, sometimes stretching, were gobbling up waterpower sites and creating the powers of the presidency beyond legal limits, Roosevelt supports a canal linking the Caribbean and the Big stick Pacific.

By allowing ships to move quickly from Roosevelt's activism to his foreign policy, a canal would trim policy, where he worked to bolster the nation's 8,000 miles from a coast-to-coast voyage and newly won place among world leaders.

In this political cartoon from 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt wields the club of "The New Diplomacy" in one hand with "Arbitration" tucked under his arm.

The Monroe Doctrine made the United States the policeman of the Western Hemisphere.

The result of victory in the Spanish canal would take eleven years and $375 million for the United States to win the war.

In the wake of the Panama affair, Americans would not support an aggressive Asian tion with Germany over Venezuela, and yet another policy was held back by Roosevelt.

The nation's effect made the United States the policeman of the new presence in world affairs.

Roosevelt earned the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 in lawyer by training and instinct, and he believed for his role in negotiating an end to the that it was.

When the Japanese invaded Chinese Manchuria, Roosevelt's presidential power to a new level was often violated, threatening Russia's sphere of influence.

Even though he knew the rates needed to be lowered to counter Japan's growing bellicosity, he wanted to demonstrate America's naval power.

mod sixteen of the navy's most up-to-date battleships, est downward revision, but the conservative Senate on a "good will mission" around the world was passed by the House of Representatives.

The Payne-Aldrich bill was raised to support the Open Door and benefit big business and the status quo in the Pacific.

As if paralyzed, Taft of American force was a classic example of not fighting for changes or vetoing the measure.

The secretary of the interior Philippines was publicly denounced by Gifford Pinchot, who had served as governor-general.

Roosevelt won half of his record win in 1904 when he returned to the United States.

States in June 1910, he received a hero's wel, a man with a talent for law, who had come and attracted a stream of visitors and no experience in office, no feel for politics, reporters seeking his advice and opinions.

Roosevelt is a good fighter, but the malice of politics would make a speaking tour of the West for him.

Roosevelt's policy of extending U.S. influence abroad had a difficult time being followed by Taft.

In the Caribbean, he provoked anti-American feeling by trying to force commercial treaties on Nicaragua and Honduras and by sending Marines to the Dominican Republic.

When Theodore Roosevelt was under pressure to protect American investments, he chose him as his successor.

A legalist by training which amounted to more than $4 billion, he and temperament, Taft moved congenialy in the conserva mobilized troops along the border.

With no popular support for a war with progressives, Roosevelt had to fall back on diplomatic pres for the presidency in 1912.

The hastily organized Progressive Party and Progressivism met to nominate Roosevelt seven weeks later.

The most ambitious split in the Republican Party and the cre platform since the Populists was approved by the delegates after they chose Roosevelt and Hiram Johnson to head the Progressives.

A gift for oratory turned into a bitter fight for the nomination when the person brought it to the White House.

Roosevelt announced his candidacy for the Socialist candidate, Eugene V., after he was convinced that Taft washopelessly incompetent.

Theodore Roosevelt, the new Progressive Party's presidential candidate, is caricatured by the bull moose.

He demanded that the government act as a steward of through his party in Congress to accomplish the people's desire to regulate the giant corporations.

Wilson's nomination to lead the party had come close to being defeated on the forty-sixth ballot.

It was hoped that a mandate for banking reform would be created by the sensational findings.

Currency was more elastic and credit was adequate for the needs of business and agriculture.

By spelling out unfair practices, Wilson in March 1913 showed off his ora hoped to guide business activity back to healthy torical ability by becoming the first president competition without resorting to regulation.

Wilson called for reform of the tariffs with the Democratic Party Act.

The Democratic House regulatory agency that Roosevelt had advocated of was hastily passed by the New Nationalism platform.

In 1914, the House gave the authority to prosecute moderate federal income tax, as well as wide investigatory pensate for lost revenue.

Wilson believed that experts in the field could best understand the complex issues at stake, so he appointed bankers to oversee the banks and businessmen.

Wilson needed to pick up support in the Midwest and the West in order to win the 1916 presidential election.

He changed his mind about how industries employing children were making human labor, farmers, and social reformers.

The Supreme Court declared the child labor law unconstitutional in 1916 in order to woo farmers.

While progressivism called for a more active ladder as the victims of violent repression, the role for the liberal state at heart was a move IWW advocated direct action, sabotage, and the ment that sought reforms designed to preserve general strike.

The reform left behind by the IWW included women and ence on the country.

Birth control was seen as a sexual approach and immigrant constituency by the Socialist Labor Party.

Eugene V. Debs had experience with birth control and was familiar with the desire for family limitation.

In 1912, Debs was indicted for selling contraceptive devices like old parties as "Tweedledee and Tweedledum" and for publishing information on how to prevent pregnancies.

She fled to Europe and returned his 6 percent of the popular vote, which was more than in 1916, as a national celebrity.

In 1905, Debs, along with the Western Federation of Miners leader, undertook a nationwide tour to promote the birth of William Dudley "Big Bill" Haywood.

The first birth control clinic in the United States was opened in 1916 by Margaret Sanger.

The clinic located in the heart of an immigrant neighborhood proved that Italian Catholics and Russian Jews wanted information about birth control more than their middle- and upper-class Protestant counterparts did.

The War I birth control movement would become political gains of progressivism as Sanger turned to medical equally throughout the population, but the march served as a reminder that progressivism was not spread much less radical.

The doctors for support and mouthed popular racist tieth century began.

Sanger led was part of a radical vision for reform, but they had won major victories in the world that made common cause with the tories in the West.

In time for the mass march on the eve of Wilson's inauguration, men threw lighted cigarettes at the suffragists and demanded a fed and matches at their clothing.

A mass march was a novel tactic for the time, and some worried that women wouldn't be up to it.

Inez led the march on her horse, Grey Dawn, replicating the "white knight" on the poster.

Paul founded the militant National Woman's toral fights that had pitted Populists against Party, which became the radical voice of the Democrats in the 1890s, the party of white suprem speach movement.

Southern progressives Women were left out of the proposal to reform the electoral system.

In the 19th century, the South sought to limit the voting rights of African and Asian Americans by using devices such as poll taxes.

The new railroads caused segregation in the South, where it had rarely existed before, at the expense of African Americans.

The doctrine of "white supremacy" was found in Mississippi courtrooms, where blacks were required to swear on a separate Bible.

Washington was told to talk politics and patronage, not economic progress for his race and African American rights.

African Americans were urged by Roosevelt to put aside racial prejudice in order to achieve political and social equality.

The wizard of southern attitudes toward race and racial segregating was elevated to the role of national spokesman for regation as a result of Washington's accommodationist policy.

There was a race riot in Atlanta in 1906 that was called into question Booker T. Washington's strategy and other facilities.

Theodore Roosevelt stirred up controversy when he invited Booker T. Washington to the White House in 1901.

The Republican campaign piece shows Roosevelt and Washington sitting under a portrait of Lincoln, a symbol of the party's historic commitment to African Americans.

The "Tuskegee Machine" was attacked by an estimated 250 Du Bois, members paring Washington to a political boss who used of Atlanta's black middle class along with the his influence to silence his critics and reward poor and delinquents.

"Here we have worked and prayed and tried civil rights, and leadership composed of blacks to make good men and women of our colored intellectual elite, which is ironic since we have worked and prayed and tried universal male suffragist, riot, and called for it in 1905," He observed that the Atlanta riot only strengthened the population.

Booker T. Washington, the best white people and the best colored, died in 1915, and the and white managed to quash any black NAACP that came to represent the future for African unity by reverting back to the old strategy of ally Americans.

In 1895, Du Bois became the first African American Progressivism was never a radical movement.

His goal throughout his life was to reform the existing system by urging African Americans to focus on their own government intervention if necessary, but also to work out uprooting any of the traditional American politics for racial equality.

The progressive movement began at the grass roots but left as its legacy a stronger presidency and unprecedented federal involvement in the economy and social welfare.

Progressives failed to champion equality for women and minorities because they fostered elitism with their worship of experts and efficiency.

Key terms and dates can be used to support your answer.

Despite the crude appearance of this gas mask, filter respirators proved highly effective.

During World War I, 2 million soldiers crossed the Atlantic to serve in the American Expeditionary Force in France.

Three months after the United States entered the war, a civil engineer from Connecticut volunteered to serve in the army.

After only ten days of rest, his unit joined in the first major American offensive.

Wilson claimed that America's participation would benefit both the United States and the world.

While George Browne and the other doughboys were helping to win the war in Europe, hyperpatriotism meant violence at home.

The end of the progressive Era at home was signaled by the Crackdowns on dissenters, immigrants, racial and ethnic minorities, and unions.

The United States had a moral duty to champion national self-determination, peaceful free trade, and political democracy according toRoark.

Theodore Wilson could not avoid the world Roosevelt's "big stick" and William Howard and the rising tide of militarism, nationalism.

The nation was quick to protect their economic interests with military force.

In March, a band of some 400 to 500 of Villa's world war began when Japan saw an opportunity to take out European competition in China, Columbus, New Mexico.

They burned a lot of the alliances and fought a war town that killed 18 Americans.

Wilson lasted more than four years at a cost of 8.5 sent 12,000 troops, led by Major General million soldiers' lives.

Wilson recalled that murder proved impossible to stop during the war that began in January 1917.

The possibility of fighting in the Great War was announced sadly by the general who might prepare the army for Edward Grey.

Because into unified nations and the similar ambition of it engaged no vital American interest and Russia to create a Pan-Slavic union initiated new involved no significant principle, he said.

The United States would remain neutral and normal relations with warring nations would be marked by colonial possessions.

More was involved than the prin muscle at home, an empire abroad, and a mighty ciple.

Germany was a monar that magnified the possibility of large-scale conflict with strong militaristic traditions.

The British created trip wires along the boundaries of Germany to show Kaiser Wilhelm II and his power blocs.

Britain's powerful fleet con to support Austria-Hungary and Germany trolled the seas and attacked Russia and France.

Great up an economic blockade of Britain, upheld its pact with France, said Germany.

The blockade prevented the stop freighters from entering the United States, unlike surface warships that could have a small economic impact.

Wilson warned American citizens that the president had traveled on ships of countries that put the United States at risk.

Germany promised no more submarine attacks without warning and provisions for the safety of civilians, in order to ensure continued U.S. neutrality.

The United States backed away from "absolute neutrality" and sided with the Allies.

The United States was supplying the Allies with 40 percent of their war materiel by 1916, as a result of protesting the German blockade of Great Britain.

Billions of dollars in loans kept American goods flowing to Britain and France despite Wilson's objections.

Wilson said that America's military venture in Europe was the largest the nation had ever undertaken to hope for a negotiated peace and only foreign soil.

Wilson was convinced that France were a defense of democracy against years of conflict after Britain and America entered the war.

Russia was in turmoil in March after German submarines sank five Allied power ships.

Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate on April 2, 1917, after the president asked Congress to issue a separate declaration of war eight months later.

The first woman to be elected to Congress, Jeannette Rankin of Montana, formed a volunteer armed force of 80,000 men.

He said that 350,000 of them failed to report or claimed, and that they would forget that there were over two million men in the armed forces.

The soldiers were so riled with their task of recruiting new men that they were able to display the flag backwards.

2 mil ion men volunteered for military service after the war ended.

The Commission on Training Camp Activities was created by Secretary of WarNewton D. Baker and was staffed by YMCA workers and veterans of the war.

The 92nd Division won more medals than any mate of armies defensively dug into hundreds of other American combat units.

In the three days of fighting at the Somme White troops continued to train and used in 1916, French and British forces lost 600,000 of their free time to explore places where most of the dead and wounded were.

Men in the 23rd Infantry of the 2nd Division are lying in the mud in the middle of a forest firing a 37mm gun at German positions.

The black tree trunks offer testimony to the devastating power of the bombardments.

They launched a massive offensive against the French in the forest stronghold of Belleau Wood.

"Retreat, moment for U.S. action had finally come, visited hell," he replied.

The trench is dry for the moment, but with the rains came mud so deep that wounded men drowned in it.

Nothing could make living in such holes better than miserable, but a decent shave with a Gil ette safety razor and a friendly game of checkers gave doughboys temporary relief.

The whistles would blow and send the young men "over the top" and towards enemy lines.

The Imperial War Museum has a collection of Colonel Stuart S. Corning Jr.'s shaving kit and checkers set.

The German report praised the enemy's spirit, noting that the back from positions along the Meuse River.

During the four brutal days of the Meuse-Argonne offen, German soldiers were on the verge of being killed.

In the summer of 1918, the Allies launched in thirty-six hours, and six weeks later, a massive counteroffensive ended the Germans.

The German republic met with the French to sign an armistice that ended the fighting.

Many progressives hoped that the U-boat warfare of 1917 would improve the quality of American life and that it could defeat Britain and France before free Europe from tyranny and militarism.

112,000 AEF soldiers died from wounds effort during the trial and agricultural production of the war.

Labor shortages caused by workers enter and disease, as well as another 230,000 Americans, provided new opportunities for including George Browne, who suffered casualties in the booming wartime economy.

The landscape was created by a government agency to promote as blasted and barren as the moon.

When the nation undertook its foreign armed forces, it became the bread crusade for democracy because of guaranteed high prices, ideals of rational progress and free the American heartland.

The improvement of the merchant marine stirred the old zeal of the National War Labor Policies Board.

A wealthy Wall Street broker and a reform cause were celebrated by some working people.

Mobilization meant high prices, Democrat, and brought industrial manage for farmers and plentiful jobs at high wages, together into a team that produced the new war industries.

The industry includes mining, electric power, manufacturing, construction, and communications.

The war gave us a huge boost to our housework which requires us to continue our crusade to ban alcohol.

By 1917, be on duty from six o'clock in the morning until prohibitionists convinced nineteen states to go to sleep.

More than a million women found tons of grain that could be used in the war industries.

The closing convention of 1848, where women voiced their breweries with German names such as Schlitz, first formal demand for the ballot, the struggle Pabst, and Anheuser-Busch would deal a blow for woman suffrage had inched forward since the Seneca Falls added a patriotic twist.

During the Progressive Era, women made strides and war gave them new opportunities.

saltonstall's sense of humor was tested by the death and destruction she faced every day.

She said the wounded men and refugees in Wartime France made her ache.

She never felt saltonstalls instilled in their children a lowed close behind the French more alive.

The National American Woman Suffrage, led by Alice Paul, and the march Association (NAWSA), led by Carrie Chapman ers, unfurled banners that proclaimed " Catt" at the White House.

Many Republicans and Progressives went to jail for endorsing hunger strikes after seeing the handwriting on the wall.

Edith called the amendment vital to the idea of "masculinized" voting women.

In December, the French government decorated nora and her unit for their bravery and in 1919 she sailed for home.

The advocates of women's right to vote were able to prevail by linking their cause to the national rally around the flag.

The Endowment for Inter national Peace was adopted by two-thirds of the states after the Carnegie vote.

Our hearts are filled with joy as we know that the new york Congressmen have the experience and knowledge to do this task twice a day.

I don't trust either Democrats or republicans until the suffragist amendment is passed and I don't think they can leave not a say to the men.

The world has seen nothing more wonderful than the democracy of the West that led them to a new day for crusade.

Why was susan B. Anthony so confident that she was vital to the victory of the war and to the preparation of battle?

When the war is over, we need to work closely with suffragists such as mary to find a solution to the great problems we have.

He sent a squad of 75,000 volunteers to give short pep talks to celebrate successes on the battlefields and in the factories.

The film industry made melodramas about battle-line and home-front heroes and gave audiences to theirs at the German kaiser.

Ordinary people were enlisted to sniff out disloyalty in " 100% American" campaigns.

The First Lady of Washington, D.C., Edith Wilson, wrote to the man to plead with him to make the whipping scene less violent.

Edith Wilson tried to moderate the hate socialist leanings even though he had not opposed the campaign.

The campaign was led by the settlement house leader Jane Addams.

Emily Balch, an economics professor at the University of Montana, was barred from teaching by the school board because of a history text she wrote that was critical of Germany.

After America entered the conflict, in the Great Lakes, and the fiancée of one of the advocates for peace were labeled war's leading critics, caught dancing on the dunes.

The Wilson administration's zeal in suppress in 1915 in hopes of postwar gains contrasted sharply with its war aims that jeopardized their own of defending democracy.

Wilson's fourteen Points dozens of journals were forced to close down when the Postmaster General blocked mailing privileges for Dissent publications.

Eugene V. Debs, the leader of the Socialist points affirmed basic liberal ideals: an end to Party, who was convicted under the Espionage secret treaties, freedom of the seas, and removal of Act for speeches condemning the war as a capital economic barriers to free trade.

In 1918, Republicans gained a narrow major Allied country and greeted it in both the House and the Senate.

The premier of France and the prime minister of Italy left the country at the same time.

Wilson appeared naive and impractical, but his refusal to alist was challenged by political opponents.

His desire to gather former enemies within include prominent Republicans in the delegation a new international democratic order showed proved proved and eventually cost him his how little he understood hard European reali dream of a new world order with the United ties.

Wilson encountered a dif so bad that it would never threaten its reception, that the Allies wanted to make it pay for the war at Louis XIV's magnificent palace at on Germany.

The territory containing the prime minister of Britain and the richest mineral resources was demanded by the French.

The three leaders in charge of putting the world back together after the Great War, from left to right, British prime minister David Lloyd George, French premier Georges Clemenceau, and U.S. president Woodrow Wilson are amiably and confidently stride toward the peace conference at the Versailles palace The United States was unique in that it had passed directly from barbarism to decadence without an intervening period of civilization.

Germany was realized despite being saved from permanently losing the notion.

After agreeing to an Yet partly on the basis of self-determination, in the belief that peace terms would be the conference redrew the map of Europe and parts based in Wilson's generous Fourteen Points, they of the rest of the world.

The secretary of state knew from the beginning of the republics of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia that the president's concept of self-determination was focused on concentrations of major ethnic groups.

The conference gained a League of mandate system for those regions it deemed insuf Nations.

The reception Wilson received when Greece and Turkey, between Arabs and Jews, was one of the reasons he came home.

The fate of Germany's colonies in to the Senate in July 1919 was warned by the president when he submitted the treaty.

The mandate system allowed the Allies not to be treated fairly because they had ethnic origin.

When the peace conference rejected a generous plan for rebuilding Europe and Japan's call for a statement of racial equality in guarantee world peace, the treaty's capacity to provide another setback was jeopardized.

To soothe "irreconcilables," which included such powerful hurt feelings, Wilson agreed to grant Japan a isolationist senators as Hiram Johnson and William Borah of Idaho.

A larger group of Republicans did erate leaders, but the military group that was preparing not to object to American participation in world to take over the country used bitterness toward politics, fearing that membership in the League would jeopardize the nation's ability to expand Japanese power throughout Asia.

No Republican was willing to give Wilson and the Democrats a way to manage international relations.

The old strategy of election was discredited by war in Wilson's foreign policy victory.

Lodge's conduct and resolve of conflicts between nations were part of his hostility.

He insisted that Wilson's admirers were surprised that the president was willing to compromise in order to join the League of Nations.

The treaty that was peace, signed on June 28, 1919, threatened the nation's independence and would have required collective action to maintain.

He set out by train on the most ambitious speaking tour ever undertaken by a president after exhausted from the peace conference.

Wilson instructed Democrats in the Senate to hold firm against any and all reservations.

Wilson was six votes short of the two-thirds majority needed for passage of the treaty when it came before the Senate in March 1920.

Wilson was not able to deliver because only shrewd diplo world war that began in Europe in 1939 could do that.

Both Wilson and Lodge died in 1924, never seeing international order or security, never knowing that Lodge used his position as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee to air resentment and violence that would follow the Great War's failure to make the world sort of complaint.

The Lodge's defeat of Wilson's plan for international reservations made it clear that the treaty depended on their acceptance.

Wilson sives who had hoped that the war could boost to accept Lodge's terms were urged by Democratic senators to leave reform at home.

I'll never consent to adopt any economy, and leftover wartime patriotism looking policy with which that impossible name is so for a new cause, threatened to explode.

Approximately 16,000 Native Americans served in the U.S. armed forces during World War I.

The young soldier, still in uniform and presumably fresh from France, rides his pony to the tepee of his parents, who are proud of their brave warrior.

Families with sons in the military display a national symbol on their homes, and the tepee is decorated with a star.

The painting wanted to show that even Americans on the margins of national life were loyal to their country and willing to sacrifice in order to defeat the enemy.

Wilson's crusades and the moderate American terms in the White House ended after the Industrial Workers of the World election in 1920.

Americans welcomed peace with a demand that the city officials pay for the return of a peacetime economy.

Calvin Coolidge called in the National Guard in 1920 and prices rose another 28 percent.

Coolidge's anti-union assurance that there was no right to strike against the public labor unions was turned into a business practice after the war ended.

The Department of Labor poster tries to convey a strong image of prosperity by portraying a soldier in front of a booming industrial landscape.

The Employment Service didn't have much to offer veterans beyond posters, and unions weren't prepared for the huge number of former soldiers who needed retraining.

The postwar recession, the hiring of 30,000 strikebreakers, and the difficulties African Americans had in reintegrating millions of returning veterans were some of the causes of the steel indus.

The Spanish flu brought on a decline in the fortunes of the labor move, which resulted in fluid in the lungs.

A nurse near ment, a trend that would continue for almost the front lines in France, observed that victims for twenty years.

40 million people had died world-wide against the most notorious radical alien, including some 700,000 Americans.

Russian bolshevism, Goldman's passionate support of labor strikes, and her use of birth control made her an equally deadly epidemic before the war.

After a stay in even more menacing in March 1919, the new Soviet leaders created the Comintern, a world ordered deported by J. Edgar Hoover, the wide association of Communists intent on fomenting eager director of the Justice Department's She turned defiantly to thumb her nose at the Americans who jeered her as she boarded the ship for exile in Russia.

The nation's ered in front of the IWW hall was caused by the successful attack on America's financial capital in 1919.

Before the Wall Street bombing, the IWW members were arrested and later convicted of domestic murder, but another, ex-soldier, was revolutionaries.

500 noncitizen suspects were ordered to refuse to seat elected representatives who supported deportation.

The emergency hospital at Camp Funston is filled with soldiers who were victims of the flu.

On January 2, 1920, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer ordered hundreds of federal agents to destroy the Bolsheviks.

More than six thousand people were arrested on charges of scheming to overthrow the government.

The Supreme Court provided bomb squads, and even placed a formula for limiting free speech, after officials called out state militias.

When the conviction of socialist Charles Schenck 1 came and went without a single incident, the pamphlet urging resistance to the public mood was published.

"So long tiveness born of participation in the war effort as we have enough people in this country will and the massive migration out of the South is one of the new stirrings among African Americans," said Roger Baldwin, one of the founding fathers of the American Civil Liberties Union.

In the South, poverty, disfranchisement, and segregation dominated the lives of the people who were targets of Attorney General Palmer's campaign.

A majority of black men continued to work in socialists and Communists even after they were released from jail.

marxist radicals called for troops to be sent to Russia in support of Bavaria and hungary.

He shocked the party that had come to power by signing a separate, violent coup that denied the revolutionaries in europe the attention they had been looking for.

The loss of Communist menace in June 1919 is thought to be the reason for the workers.

Only a few were open to the workers and ist and imperialist regimes around the members, who spent most of their party leaders who instituted a top world.

Clearly, lenin's imagined future time arguing the fine points of doc down apparatus that institutional was at odds with Wilson's proposed trine, not manufacturing bombs.

Ten percent of the South's black population boarded trains bound for Philadelphia, service and caused the number of European Detroit, Cleveland, Chicago, St. Louis, and other immigrants to fall.

Workers seeking better wages and conditions, women and African Americans demanding equal rights, and anyone else pushing for change found the government throwing the epithet "red" at them.

The soviet union started a brutal reign of terror that lasted for more than seven decades.

Rather than being viewed as a bloodthirsty monster, this portrait shows him as a hero of the people's revolution.

One man proudly announced that he had black women, and most worked as domestic recently been promoted to first assistant to the servants as they did in the South.

A southern family is waiting to board a train in 1912, wearing their Sunday best and carrying their belongings in two suitcases.

In Chicago, the League on Urban Conditions among Negroes sought to ease the transition of southern blacks to life in the North by distributing cards such as the one shown here.

Getting children into school, finding a church, and speaking softly in public places were some of the cards that advised hard work.

The course of the nation's history can be traced back to when the Mexicans revolted against the South and started a ten-year civil war.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of Chicago came about because of the disruption of World War I.

The foundation for black protest and political orga western employers in the years to come was caused by the supply of cheap foreign labor provided by these assertive communities.

Life in the fields, mines, and factories was hard, and living in boxcars, labor camps, or urban barrios was often dismal.

He called for an immigration quota because the recent arrivals drove down wages and caused white prejudice that affected all ethnic Mexicans.

Women like them found work in the cotton and sugar beet fields, canneries, and restaurants of the South and the election of 1920 west, as wel as home taking in sewing, laundry, and a thousand miles away in Washington, D.C. Their journey across the President Wilson's border was life changing.

They weredocile, patient, usually orderly the Democratic nominees for president, James in camp, fairly intelligent under competent M. Cox of Ohio, and for vice president, Franklin supervision, obedient and cheap.

"America's present need is not the restrictive legislation bowed to southwest heroics, but healing, not nostrums," he said.

They were a regular steady crucial to the Texas economy, accounting for order of things.

Rather than promoting democracy in the United States, the war bred fear and led to a demand for conformity.

In 1920, a bruised Florence threw open the White House gates, and disillusioned society stumbled into a new which had been closed since the decade had ended.

The new era visitors lifted the national pall, signaling a promised peace, prosperity, and a good time.

Key terms and dates can be used to support your answer.

When Henry Ford introduced the Model T in 1908, Americans thought of automobiles as toys of the rich, far too costly for average people.