Section 1.3 Stability of the Human Body under the Action of an External Force
5
FIGURE 1.4 A person carrying a weight.
the base of support. The applied force Fa tends to topple the body. When theperson topples, he will do so by pivoting around point A—assuming that hedoes not slide. The counterclockwise torque Ta about this point produced bythe applied force is Ta Fa × 1.5 m
(1.1)
The opposite restoring torque Tw due to the person’s weight is Tw W × 0.1 m
(1.2)
Assuming that the mass m of the person is 70 kg, his weight W is W mg 70 × 9.8 686 newton (N)
(1.3)
(Here g is the gravitational acceleration, which has the magnitude 9.8 m/sec2.)
The restoring torque produced by the weight is therefore 68.6 newton-meter


6
Chapter 1 Static Forces FIGURE 1.5 A force applied to an erect person.
(N-m). The person is on the verge of toppling when the magnitudes of thesetwo torques are just equal; that is, Ta Tw or Fa × 1.5 m 68.6 N-m
(1.4)
Therefore, the force required to topple an erect person is Fa 68.6 45.7 N (10.3 lb)
(1.5)
1.5
Actually, a person can withstand a much greater sideways force without losing balance by bending the torso in the direction opposite to the appliedforce (Fig. 1.6). This shifts the center of gravity away from the pivot point A,increasing the restoring torque produced by the weight of the body.
Stability against a toppling force is also increased by spreading the legs, as shown in Fig. 1.7 and discussed in Exercise 1-1.
